HeroesA Definitive Essay Essay Research Paper Do free essay sample

The Effects of Gravity      There are a few people who stress that when they're outside, on the off chance that they don't keep a great hold on the ground, they'll simply go hurling off into space. They needn't generally stress about this, since gravity for the most part shields that kind of thing from occurring. The thing is, nobody is extremely certain what causes gravity, yet the impacts have been concentrated by numerous physicists and cosmologists. Three of the more evident impacts of gravity are things falling down, weight, and the moon and planets remaining in their circles.      Things tumble down. Individuals have commonly developed to acknowledge that in the event that one relinquishes one's valued and important course reading when strolling through a mud puddle, the book will perpetually end up in the puddle and in this way be deprived of all worth and even readability. Things tumble down in light of the fact that there is a solid gravitational fascination between things of extraordinary mass, similar to the Earth, and things of minimal mass, similar to a book. The main issue with this moderately basic clarification is that nobody truly realizes why it resembles that. What individuals have made sense of so far is that gravity is a power, and a power is whatever changes the condition of rest or movement of an article. Without outside powers, the energy of a framework stays consistent. This implies if there was no gravity, when one would give up one's hang on the reading material, it would stay very still noticeable all around. On the off chance that a power follows up on a body, the body quickens toward the power. In the case of the power of gravity, little things like course books are pulled descending toward the focal point of the enormous mass of the Earth, not up into space, regardless of whether a few people feel this may occur.                                                    Torgerson 2      Isaac Newton was the first to imagine weight as the gravitational fascination between a body and the Earth. The power that outcomes from the gravitational fascination of the Earth on bodies at its surface is the thing that we call weight. Science has decided to gauge the mass of articles in units that are generally proportional to the heaviness of those items on Earth. For instance, if a reading material gauges four beats on Earth, it would have a mass of four pounds in a circling spaceship. The reading material would be "weightless" on the grounds that it does not feel the gravitational fascination of the Earth, in any case, even in space, to push the

The Impossibility of Religious Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Impossibility of Religious Freedom - Essay Example The contentions prompting the assurance of the case are in themselves reminiscent of the position taken by Sullivan. The court’s assurance contention, the free strict act of rights must be founded on a truly held strict belief†¦Moreover, that Holt demonstrated it, by being neither slight nor eccentric with principles of Islam is subjective. The contention as clarified by Sullivan basically implies that it rests with the courts to discuss and build up whether the strictly spurred rehearses are getting a charge out of security under the principal correction of the constitution. The court needed to decide the development of mustache was earnestly and really inspired by the Islam religion. The condition in itself adds up to an infringement of the strict opportunity as in the cross examination of authenticity. Sullivan capably underpins his position that â€Å"through grilling the authenticity of strict conduct in this first occasion, the court in a general sense annihilates the general concept of strict opportunity. He proceeds, By requiring validation of the strict inspiration, the courts broaden free exercise proviso onto the conduct that is legitimized by uprightness of outside evidences like holy messages, administrative proclamations, far reaching adherence or authentic convention. The contention infers that by the courts endeavoring to extend the extent of free practice, to suit all the abstract and unverified cases of rousing religion, they hazard exposing all the laws to special cases.

Common Vulnerabilities in Critical Infrastructure Control Systems - 550 Words

Common Vulnerabilities in Critical Infrastructure Control Systems (Case Study Sample) Content: Common Vulnerabilities in Critical Infrastructure Control Systems Name Institution Instructor Date Common Vulnerabilities in Industrial Control Systems Industrial control systems face various vulnerabilities, which may occur both within and outside the network of the control system. These vulnerabilities arise from various sources, mainly due to the operations and communications carried out by these control systems. The inefficiencies or the lack of administration and security governance, inadequate funds to ensure proper system management, and the attrition of employees in the automation of the control system could also expose the system to these vulnerabilities (Stamp, Dillinger, Young, DePoy, 2003). In addition, the vulnerabilities may arise due to external attacks due to the individuals outside the system, who take advantage of the loopholes in the network being used by the control system. Being able to understand the vulnerabilities that the industrial controls systems at PureLand Wastewater will ensure that appropriate measures are put in place to mitigate them. PureLand Wastewater faces threats and vulnerabilities in their ICS. A major threat is that the company has not established the sensitivity levels of the data that is circulated in their system. Most secure systems are determined by the ability to classify and identify the data into their appropriate categories based on how sensitive they are to the organization. Failure to establish such distinction makes it hard to determine where the precautions could be applied or data segments that requires more security. Most ICS systems become vulnerable due to lack of effective security administration, mainly due to the absence of effective policies to help in system administration (Stamp, Dillinger, Young, DePoy, 2003). The lack of policies on security leads to lack of measurability and self-perpetuation of security, which in turn makes the network more vulnerable to external threats. For the prevention of these vulnerabilities, the organization should apply procedures that enhance security administration making it effective and instills coherence. This is done through the implementation of security plans and training, implementing guides, as well as auditing the system controls to enforce security. The architecture of the control system could make it more vulnerable due to the physical infrastructural damages or architectural designs that weaken the protection of the system data. In addition, the networks and links that are used to convey data or signals within the organization may expose it to security vulnerabilities. The platforms that are used could also endanger the data shared within the organization due to harm that may arise form incidences within the company. The use of passwords does not always guarantee the protection of the data as these may be accessed and lead to damages. The failure by the company to collect or examine the system logs could cause the system to become vulnerable and possible loss of vital i...

Gender Stereotypes in Little Red Cap and The Grandmother

The folk tale of â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† has numerous variations and interpretations depending on what recorded version is being read or analyzed. â€Å"Little Red Cap,† by the Grimm Brothers, and â€Å"The Grandmother,† as collected by Achille Millien, are different in numerous ways: the depth of the narrative structure, characters involved, length – yet, the moral lesson is largely unchanged between the two versions. One of the more glaring differences between the two versions is the way that the narrator and the actions of the characters are used to describe the young girl, female, and the wolf, male. Being either female or male are matters of biological makeup. The characteristics of femininity and masculinity that are associated with being†¦show more content†¦The majority of the story is reiterated through dialogue that allows the girl’s words, but also her actions, to speak of her â€Å"sweetness,† or lack thereof, rathe r than an arbiter such as the narrator. The reader must decide whether or not the actions of the young girl are of merit. For example, the story begins, â€Å"There was a woman who had made some bread. She said to her daughter, ‘Go and carry a hot loaf and a bottle of milk to your grandmother. So the little girl set forth† (Millien). It is safe for the reader to assume that the young girl is obedient because that is all the reader has seen of the young girl, she has not taken any other action and there is not a narrator who prescribes any other attribute. The lack of a narrator preemptively assigning causal relation between the young girl’s action and her reception in the community allows the act of obedience to represent a virtuous quality, rather than a virtuous quality that is inherently feminine, as the Grimm brother version does with the quality of being â€Å"sweet.† After defining the young girl as â€Å"sweet† in the Grimm version the mother gives the girl instructions to take cake and wine to the ailing grandmother. The instructions given by the mother are, â€Å"Mind your manners and give her my greetings. Behave yourself on the way, and do not leave the path, or your might fall down and break the glass [. . .]† (Grimm). The instructions given by the mother indicateShow MoreRelatedComparison Of Little Red Riding Hood And Beauty And The Beast 1486 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast the ways in which modern authors have re-imagined traditional narratives for their own purposes. Original fairy tales such as Perrault’s ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ or De Beaumont’s ‘Beauty and The Beast’ depict women as both socially and physically inferior – they reflect a hegemonic patriarchal social structure that restricted female voice and independence in order to maintain the status quo. In ‘The Bloody Chamber’ Angela Carter effectively draws out the theme of feminism byRead MoreMandinka Empire21578 Words   |  87 PagesJumbo. 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In doing so, you will not only address each component of the essay topic but you will also, and more importantly, become a more interesting applicant. There is no particular calculus behind what type of anecdote to pick. JustRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages247 . . . . . 273 . . . . . 278 . . . . . 284 . . . . . 286 . . . . . 359 . . . . . 378 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 389 394 399 . . . . . 469 Preface Thirty years ago, when the first edition of this book was published, little had been written about the management of libraries and information centers. Those seeking advice, examples, and information about how to manage libraries were forced to search for answers in the literature of public administration or business managementRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesway for each worker to perform an assigned task. The result was that each worker performed one narrow, specialized task, such as bolting on the door or attaching the door handle, and jobs in the Ford car plant became very repetitive. They required little use of a worker’s skills.1 Ford’s management approach increased efï ¬ ciency and reduced costs by so much that by 1920 he was able to reduce the price of a car by two-thirds and to sell more than 2 million cars a year.2 Ford became the leading car company

Globalization Is A Source Of Anxiety Essay - 1524 Words

We live in a world where, with every day that passes, more and more of the barriers that isolate us from the rest of the globe are being dismantled. But what implications does the process of globalization have with regards to its effects on real people in real time? Given the vastly different political and economic climates of different societies around the world, as well as the vast differences between class groups within individual societies, this issue is not as simple as pointing to an individual ethnographic example and stating ‘globalisation affects all of humanity in this way’. There are clearly going to be varying degrees of positive and negative implications, depending on the society in question. Arjun Appadurai identifies globalization as a source of anxiety for many in the academic world of the United States. He specifically refers to the fears of social scientists, that increased wealth through markets and deregulation is accompanied by increased economic ine quality (Appadurai 2000: 1). Economic inequality has become a fairly prominent issue in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, which caused massive job losses, which in turn has led to greater and more prominent economic inequality. The anxieties that Appadurai attributes to the social science community can therefore be said to be, at least in part, completely founded. But is this inequality a result of globalisation as a whole? Or is it a result of the mechanism which drives it? In the case of thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Study of Modernism and Globalization1744 Words   |  7 Pages(2006:35). Its effects are dramatically different depending on geopolitical situations, peoples and countries. For the wealthiest countries it is a source of an ever increasing profit, whether it is culturally, economically, or financially speaking. 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Expositive expression surveys are optional sources, and thusly, dont report any new or unique test work. Additionally, a writing survey could be translated as an audit of an unique achievement. Regularly connected with scholastic situated expositive expression, for example, a proposition or associateRead MoreNon Regular Workers : A Growing Reliance On Irregular Workers1381 Words   |  6 Pagesforce of unionization may owe to the fact that there has been an increase in technological change from globalization where there has been more demand for high skilled laborers, causing a decline in labor unions formed by the lower income sector. A lesser demand of these workers means a drop in solidarity which makes them lose impact. Taiwan Income Inequality Globalization has been one big source of the rising income inequality in Taiwan. 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The power and impact of globalization means that it’s essential for every company to understandRead MoreThe Transformation Of The Multinational Corporation953 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Globalization can be define as a process where regional economies, societies and cultures have become integrated through a globe-planning network of communication and trade. In my own point of view, management has stimulated the entire affair of modern business and trade.  · The Multinational Corporation Management as greatly influence the affairs of multinational corporation in sense that people come to gether to do business thereby there is always a high spirit of corporationRead MorePolitical and Economic Trends in Human Service Delivery Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesperson thinks, feels, and performs. Some of the illness that one experiences is depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar. These diseases can stem from birth, past or present experiences, others, or their current surroundings. Unfortunately, because of the job market dropping, it has pushed more people into a depression mode. For some of these individuals, they were the income source for their home. Not acquiring the finances needed to provide for their families could cause one

Journal Of Law Society Of New South Wales -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of Law Society Of New South Wales? Answer: Introducation The current case study is based on the determination of the income tax return for the Percy Grainger. There are certain assumptions in determining accounting income tax consequences which are as follows; Salary received by Percy will be considered as the assessable income under the section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. The total amount of dividend that is received by Percy will be included in the taxable income of Percy. Additionally, the franking credit that is attached to the dividend will be subjected 30% deductions of the sum received (Buchanan and Consett 2016). The determination of the capital gains is subjected to 50% discount under the discount method from the sales proceeds. Additionally, Percy would be entitled to deductions for expenses incurred on attending the seminar under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. According to the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 an individual incurring expenditure on traveling that is entirely related to the business or work purpose would be entitled to claim an allowable deduction for the same (Richards 2014). Therefore, Percy would be entitled to claim an allowable deduction for the expenses incurred on travelling. Percy has occurred expenses on accountant fees for preparing tax. Therefore, according to the Australian taxation office Charlie would be entitled to claim an allowable deduction for the accountant fees incurred on preparing tax return. Reference List: Buchanan, R. and Consett, E., 2016. Section 974-80 ITAA97: The current state of play.taxation-law Specialist,19(5), p.217. Richards, R., 2014. Taxation: economics share schemes.Law Society Journal: the official journal of the Law Society of New South Wales,52(3), p.40.

Swimming Essays - Underwater Breathing Apparatus,

Swimming This Essay will illustrate some of the basic aspects of scuba diving. It will show the steps involved in assembling the scuba gear. The price range of scuba gear. The basic principles of diving, and were to go to get certified in scuba diving. It will also reveal some fun things that can be done while diving . The assembly of the scuba gear is very simple. First have your tank filled to the recommended amount of pressure (usually 3000 psi). Take the tank with the valve handle to the right, and set it in front of you. Next take the Buoyancy Compensator (B.C.) and attach it to the tank by putting the straps around the tank and tightening them. After the tank is secure, check to make sure that the Oring on the valve of the tank is in place and in good condition. loosen the first stage of the regulator and place it over the valve of the tank. Then tighten the first stage securely, but not overly tight. Attach your octopus to the B.C. Then Pick up the pressure gauge and point it away from the body, and others. Turn the handle on the tank, to supply the regulator and gauges with air pressure. The gauges are pointed away from the body to avoid injury if the gauge were to malfunction. Listen for any leaks, and read the gauge and make sure that it is some what close to the pressure that was put in to the tank. Last you need to inflate the B.C.,and purge the regulator to make sure that they work properly. The gear is now ready to be used. Scuba gear is very affordable. Scuba gear can be purchased new for as little as $299. For $299 you can get a regulator, B.C., and a pressure gauge, this is the bare minimum of what you need(Divers unlimited). Next up is $499, for this amount you get all above plus a depth gauge, and for $589 you also get a octopus(Divers Unlimited). There are many other setups you can purchase for around the same amount, and more. I found Divers unlimited to have the best over all prices. There are many places to get certified in scuba diving, but there are also many things to consider. First, there is the price, usually from $150 for a basic course up to $400 for a private course. The $150 course offered at B&B Aquatic Adventures, Inc. consists of Three to 4 class sessions and two to 3 pool sessions. It also includes 4 ocean dives. The $400 course offered at Urge 2 Submerge can be completed in as little as four days, and is worked completely around your schedule. It consist of 9 hours of class room study and 9 hours of pool time. It also includes 4 ocean dives. With all of the courses the ocean dives must be completed in pairs of two dives, on 2 separate days. The Scuba gear is suppled with all of the courses with the exception of a mask, fins, snorkel, weight belt, and weights. There are a variety of price between the above that offer various times and days to meet your needs. The one major rule of diving is to always breath. This means never hold your breath. At different depths in the water air is compressed in your lungs. This pressure can cause serious injury if it were to build up in the lungs due to a sudden rise in depth. For every 33 feet in depth the air in your lungs decreases by half. Thus the air in the lungs doubles for every 33 feet that one rises. So if you take a full breath and then rise up in the water with out exhaling, the pressure increases and may explode the lungs. There are many fun things to do while scuba diving. My favorite is to collect tropical fish for my fish tank. Tropical fish are very expensive, but not all that hard to catch. all you need is a net , tickle stick, gloves, and bait bucket. The net should be make out of some kind of transparent plastic with small enough holes so

Maximum Wage essays

Maximum Wage essays The United States has had a minimum wage for over sixty years, which begs the question: if we have a government-imposed income floor, why dont we have an income ceiling? Through the years, the idea of an income ceiling has been brought up several times as the solution to the supposed problem in the U.S. of a very small percentage of the population controlling a very large percentage of the assets of the country. One of the first times this suggestion was made was in conjunction with the proposal of a minimum wage in the early 20th century. During his 1932 campaign for Presidency, Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that the economic problem of the post-depression U.S. wasnt an insufficiency of capital, but an insufficient distribution of buying power coupled with an over sufficient speculation in production. In other words, the problem was not that the rich people didnt have enough money to invest, but that no one else had any money to buy (Long 298). A similar theme is found in economist Ravi Batras argument that recessions are caused by unequal distribution of income. Batra also notes that all great depressions have been preceded by great speculative manias triggered by high wealth disparity. Roosevelt, Batra, and many economists have agreed that as rich people become richer and more wealth is controlled by fewer people, more people are left with few or no assets. This fact creates a higher demand for loans, but the people who demand these loans are less credit-worthy, therefore the number of banks with questionable loans rises (Batra 117). The rich people become caught up in a speculative fever, which generates missed opportunities for meaningful economic growth. These two problems combined can have devastating effects on the economy, such as recessions or depressions (Pizzigati 19). Eventually these ideas, coupled with the need for gove...

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman (cited) Essay Example for Free

Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman (cited) Essay Marriage (796) , Death (671) , Arthur Miller (560) , Sales (458) , Death of a Salesman (121) , Willy Loman (98) , Henrik Ibsen (84) , A Doll's House (53) , Krogstad (43) , Nora Helmer (19) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints Willy and Nora: Tragic Heroes or Home-wreckers? No one has a perfect life. Despite what Aaron Spelling and his friends in the media might project to society today, no one’s life is perfect. Everyone has conflicts that they must face sooner or later. The ways in which people deal with these conflicts can be just as varied as the people themselves. Some procrastinate and ignore their problems as long as they can, while others attack problems to get them out of the way as soon as possible. The Lowman and Helmer families have a number of problems that they deal with in different ways, which proves their similarities and differences. Both Willy Loman, the protagonist of Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman and Nora Helmer, protagonist of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House experience an epiphany where they realize that they were not the person the thought they were: while Willy’s catharsis brings about his death, Nora’s brings her to a new life; hers. Both character’s flaws bring about their departure from their respective families as well. They are both overly concerned with the appearances they and their families present to society: as a result they both project false images to others. From their appearance, both seem to be involved in stable marriages and appear to be going places. Willy’s job as a traveling salesman seems stable (although we never know what it is he sells) when he tells his family that he â€Å"knocked ’em cold in Providence, slaughtered ’em in Boston† (Miller 1228). It is not until Willy’s wife, Linda tells us that he â€Å"drives 700 miles and when he gets there, no one knows him any more, no one welcomes him† (Miller 1241). If that’s not enough to convince readers of his failure on the job, the fact that he gets fired after working for the same company for 36 years cements his incompetency in the business world to readers. While Nora does not work in the business world, (few woman, if any did over 120 years ago) her failure to take care of her responsibilities becomes quite evident as well. When the play opens and Nora enters with a Christmas tree and presents for the children, she gives off the impression of a good mother trying hard to prepare a great Christmas for her family. Upon further analysis we see that Nora’s duties, in general, are restricted to caring for the children, doing housework, and working on her needlepoint. Nora cannot complete these duties even with the full-time help of Anne Marie, a housekeeper who cleans up after Nora just as much as the children. When Nora and Kristine are having a discussion towards  the start of the play, Nora informs her friend that, â€Å"I’m so happy and relieved [with my marriage]. I must say its lovely to have plenty of money and not have to worry. Isn’t it?† (Ibsen 1119). The rosy picture she painted of her family and marriage are in stark contrast to the â€Å"stranger of a man† (Ibsen 1168) she refers to her husband as. We realize that she had not been living her life at all; rath er the life that her husband wanted her to live. While both Willy and Nora succeed in giving of the appearance of being competent, efficient and helpful family members who contribute to the well being of their respective families, they prove otherwise as the plays progress. While the two plays take place nearly 100 years apart, are set on different continents and each have completely different family members, both engage in lies and deceit that hurt their families; after which each protagonist leaves their family. Not only does Willy lie about his performance on the job, he lies about his â€Å"faulty car† as well. He tells his family that the Studebaker keeps malfunctioning when in reality we find out through Linda that he has been deliberately trying to kill himself. The biggest way in which Loman deceives his family is by cheating on his wife while away for work in Boston. When his eldest son discovers his father’s unfaithfulness, he loses all trust for his father, and Biff’s life pretty much goes downhill from there. Willy Loman’s lies, deceit, unfaithfulness have resulted in huge problems for his family. Nora also starts trouble in her household through lies and deceit. Nora’s crime of forgery is not even a crime in her mind; she does not realize that the law does not take into account people’s motivations behind their actions. While she knows that Krogstad has been associated with shady law practices, she does not realize that his crime was on the same level, if not less illegal than the one that she has committed. When Tourvald opens the letter and finds out about her crime, he goes ballistic, and cannot believe that his own wife could be capable of such a crime. This is ultimately the reason / situation that helps Nora realize that she must leave her family in order to begin to live her own life. But Nora even lies about the little things in life such as the eating of macaroons (Ibsen 1126). Her husband forbade her from eating them on account that they will rot her teeth, and when she is seen eating them in her house, she says that they are a gift from Kristine, which is a lie. Both Willy and Nora’s lies and deceitfulness frustrate their families to the  point where each protagonist much leave their family; although Willy’s departure is his death, Nora’s is the start of her real life. Both main characters also use an escape mechanism to leave reality when they realize that their lives are on the wrong path. When Loman starts to realize that his pride and joy in life, Bi ff, â€Å"is a lazy bum† (Miller 1218) he begins to talk to himself (Miller 1221). These mental lapses bring Loman to a happier place and time, when his kids were young and innocent and he thought that the best part of his life lay still ahead. This acts almost as a defense mechanism against the pains of reality for Willy. In the final scene, after Biff tells his father that he is â€Å"a dime a dozen† and that the Loman name really doesn’t mean much, Willy engages in the ultimate escape mechanism; suicide. Although it may appear on the surface to be a selfish and coldhearted move to spite his family, he actually did it so that his family may live a better life with money he thinks they will receive from his life insurance policy. When faced with the harsh pains of reality, Nora also uses defense / escape mechanisms to ignore the problems at hand first, then to conquer them in the end. She believes that she has done nothing wrong, and that if what she has done is illegal, that her good intentions will nullify the illegality of her forgery. When Krogstad informs her otherwise, tells her the possible repercussions of her act, and ultimately gives her an ultimatum, this is her first touch of reality outside of the doll’s house that she lives in. To cope with the harshness outside of t his doll’s house, she immediately retreats back inside and attempts to distract herself with Christmas decorations (Ibsen 1133). She uses the tree and presents to distract her from her problems, and tells the nursemaid Anne Marie that she’s too busy to play with her kids who want to see her because she must try to distance her mind from the subject at hand. Here she is only making the problem worse by not dealing with it. When she finally realizes that her â€Å"main duty [is] to [her]self† (Ibsen 1166), and that she has been living life according to what her father and husband have wanted rather than what she has wanted, Nora’s epiphany is complete. She knows that the only possible solution that can work for her is to leave right away. Willy and Nora both escape their problems first by drifting away with mental distractions, then when they fully realize their problems, they both must physically leave their families. For Willy this means death, for Nora, the  start of (a new) life. Willy and Nora share a fatal flaw: they try to make others happy before making themselves happy. All that Willy ever wanted in life was to be â€Å"well-liked† and for his sons to follow in his footsteps. Their lives focused too much on fulfilling others rather than themselves, and in the end this flaw led to their departure from each of their respective families. When Charley asks Willie â€Å"when the hell are you ever going to grow up?† and Biff declares that â€Å"we never told the truth in this house for 10 minutes† (Miller 1280) we realize that Willy will never grow up and that he must leave his family because he will never grow up and that nearly his whole life has been a farce. Similarly, when Nora tells her husband that the only way he (and her) can only change if Tourvald has â€Å"his doll taken away† (Ibsen 1168) we realize that Nora’s life too has been a farce and that she must leave in order to begin her own life. We will write a custom sample essay on Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman (cited) specifically for you We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Effectiveness of reverse gender role-play exercises in tackling trauma Research Paper

Effectiveness of reverse gender role-play exercises in tackling trauma adaptation in children witnessing domestic violence - Research Paper Example The children who become witnesses to this violence from an early age have been found to have many adjustment problems even in their adult lives (Galloway, 2005). Here, the term, ‘witnessing violence’ means, â€Å"being within range of violence and seeing it occur† (Edleson, 1999, p.841). When a child has this kind of experience, he/she may or may not have trauma adjustment problems in current and/or future life. But the research so far has shown that a considerable percentage of this group have such problems. Objective and background As researchers like Galloway (2005), Hague and Malos (1993), and Edleson (1999) have put it, a considerable percentage of children witnesses to domestic violence are found to have trauma adaptation problems. But much investigation has not been made into what could be the role of the gender of such children in relation with their trauma adaptation capabilities. It is in this context that this research envisages exploring what the role of gender flexibility is, in the process of adaptation to trauma by children who are witnesses to domestic violence. The purpose of this study is also to develop further insight into the methods of imparting gender flexibility for handling child trauma and adaptation issues, which may in turn be of help to mental health professionals who deal with this target group. It is hypothesized in this research that training in gender flexibility imparted through reverse gender role-play exercises in the form of skits will help children who are witnesses of domestic violence to better adapt to their trauma. Here, what is meant by reverse gender role-play is that girls are made to the play the roles of men and boys are made to play the roles of women in performance skits practiced as part of group therapy. Review of Literature One major study related to this topic was carried out by Catina Galloway (2005), who observed, if a child who is witnessing domestic violence has access to â€Å"tools from both ‘masculinity’ and ‘femininity’, then the child is found to have better possibility of adaptation to trauma (p.3). Galloway (2005) has called such a child, â€Å"gender-flexible† (p.3). By reverse argument, Galloway (2005) has also theorized, â€Å"a simple feminine response or masculine response to trauma inhibits or prevents adaptation† (p.3). Such an inference will lead to the assumption that the normal tools that usually children possess by way of the conventional gender training that they get in average families are not sufficient to deal with their domestic violence related trauma situation. And it will have to be concluded that only children who are either trained to use both masculine and feminine tools or specially equipped children who naturally know how to handle both these tools can hope to adapt to the situation. Jaffe, Wolfe and Wilson (1990, p.27) and Peled and Davis (1995, p.5) have opined that the reactions of childre n to domestic violence, among many other factors, may vary based on their gender as well. Jaffe, Wolf and Wilson (1990) have also found out that being witness to domestic violence, a boy often grows up to believe that violence is masculine behavior and to become himself a wife batterer, while a girl often grows up to believe that she is naturally destined to suffer violence from men and to become herself a silent victim to similar violence (p.16). Methodology The methodology adopted for this research will be participant observation (Tischler, 2010, p.35). Though participant observation has been considered as highly subjective, it has also been observed, â€Å"participant observation generates more inside information† (Kendall, 2010, p.58). As the individuals under study here are

Original Cases Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Original Cases - Research Paper Example One such issue became prominent in 2010, when the government of Singapore made changes in their policies related to the employment of foreign people. The government eased regulations on hiring foreign workers in order to ensure local people get the opportunity to fill up the vacancies. However, before 2010, the government of Singapore was very much enthusiastic in recruiting foreign employees. This created a number of issues within the country regarding the approach of the government to hiring people. Nevertheless, the policy change brought gaiety and cheer among the local people of Singapore (â€Å"Eight Reasons†). This case will, however, focus on the scenario of the UAE, where the government relies on the foreign talents to hold vital positions of the organizations. The case can be further elaborated with the example of the Abu Dhabi Police Institution and Training Center, which is a government organization. The Abu Dhabi Police Institution and Training Center is one of the most important divisions of the UAE police department. This department is responsible for providing training to the General Directorate of the Abu Dhabi police. According to adpolice.gov.ae, "The General Directorate of Abu Dhabi Police in Abu Dhabi Emirate operates with other agencies to achieve a safer society. It seeks to preserve the stability, the reduction of crime and the removal of a sense of fear, as well as contributing to the achievement of justice among the general public" (â€Å"Director General Welcome Message†). The Abu Dhabi Police Institution and Training Center

Marketing Disney Consumer Products in the Middle East Essay -- Busines

Marketing Disney Consumer Products in the Middle East 1. Disney Consumer Products Middle East was interested in Lebanon, which has only one million children and teenagers and not Egypt, which has a much larger population, due to the following reasons; a. The literacy rate in Lebanon was much higher than the literacy rate of the populations of other Arab states in the Middle East at that time. b. The population of Lebanon was more familiar with western products, which included the Disney products. In reference to (Exhibit 6) in the case study, one could see that both awareness of the brand and awareness of the various product categories of the brand were already established. c. Many of the Lebanese distributors occupied important positions throughout the Middle East, which in turn might help DCPEME in penetrating other Arab markets. d. The Lebanese society was comparatively liberal when compared to other neighboring Arab states, thus all Disney products would be accepted and readily sold in such a market 2. In 1993, Disney products were distributed in Lebanon through one of the following three channels; a. Worldwide licenses that legitimately distributed Disney products through their Lebanese distributors. b. Non-worldwide licenses that distributed Disney products through Lebanese distributors. c. Non worldwide licenses unaware that several that several of their wholesalers were selling Disney ... Marketing Disney Consumer Products in the Middle East Essay -- Busines Marketing Disney Consumer Products in the Middle East 1. Disney Consumer Products Middle East was interested in Lebanon, which has only one million children and teenagers and not Egypt, which has a much larger population, due to the following reasons; a. The literacy rate in Lebanon was much higher than the literacy rate of the populations of other Arab states in the Middle East at that time. b. The population of Lebanon was more familiar with western products, which included the Disney products. In reference to (Exhibit 6) in the case study, one could see that both awareness of the brand and awareness of the various product categories of the brand were already established. c. Many of the Lebanese distributors occupied important positions throughout the Middle East, which in turn might help DCPEME in penetrating other Arab markets. d. The Lebanese society was comparatively liberal when compared to other neighboring Arab states, thus all Disney products would be accepted and readily sold in such a market 2. In 1993, Disney products were distributed in Lebanon through one of the following three channels; a. Worldwide licenses that legitimately distributed Disney products through their Lebanese distributors. b. Non-worldwide licenses that distributed Disney products through Lebanese distributors. c. Non worldwide licenses unaware that several that several of their wholesalers were selling Disney ...

The Uncommon Soldier

U. S. Women’s History 10/19/12 An Uncommon Soldier: Fighting for the â€Å"Home† Front Throughout the passage of time, in order to make sense of the world and justify established ideologies, man has put forth disproportionate effort into defining what is deemed by the masses as acceptable and appropriate. With the formation of these social life requirements, it goes without saying there will be outliers who do not fit this man-created construct, either by innate or self-realized characteristics. This social restraint is undoubtedly the source of much emotional turmoil and unrest.Here is where Sarah Rosetta Wakeman’s story begins. As a white, American woman born in the 1800’s, Wakeman’s scope of â€Å"acceptable† life directions was very limited, and much can be said about how she dealt with the obstacles created by the aforementioned social constraints. Wakeman’s decision to leave home, and assume the characteristics of a man, was more out of a sense of familial duty than an outward expression of suppressed sexual identity. In order to better understand Sarah’s motivation one must first analyze her childhood and the environmental factors which molded her.Born on January 16, 1843, in what would become Afton, New York, to Harvey and Emily Wakeman, Sarah Rosetta Wakeman was the eldest of 9 children, seven of whom were female. To Harvey and Emily’s dismay, Sarah and her two siblings that followed were all female, which was less than to be desired during the era. Sarah was nearly nine years old before Emily was able to give Harvey a son (Burgess, 101). At that time, children were expected to begin helping the parents by contributing as soon as there was work compatible and â€Å"appropriate† for their age and gender.This is how Sarah’s transformation was necessitated. To understand these driving forces in more depth, one must take a look at the role Sarah played in her home life. Sarah†™s dad, Harvey, found the easiest way to support his family, as many did during this time, was through agriculture. The amount of work required to be successful in that endeavor during that time period, far exceeded the capabilities of one man. Since they were in the north, the possibility of slave labor was nonexistent, so as was customary of most family farms from the period, Harvey attempted to create an army of his own metaphorical laves, his children. With her innate familial duty and lack of male siblings, Sarah had no choice but to step up. While the letters do not technically say that she played a large role in what would have been considered male gendered labor, Burgess as well as other historians, are left to speculate based upon her communications with her father, â€Å"†¦ Rosetta’s high level of interest in her father’s farming, her knowledge of the details of the family farm, and her desire to own her own farm after the war are evidence that she se rved as her father’s farmhand,† (Burgess, 9).This knowledge and desire were attributes associated with being male and not seen as traits a woman could or should possess. Working the farm alongside her father had more life-altering implications than can be determined without further dissection. While most professions today are not gendered, farm work is still connotated to be in the male domain, as the work is strenuous and more physically demanding than most. If 150 years later, even after the advent of modern technology, it is still considered to be a gendered role, one can only imagine the psychological toll this upbringing played on her identity (Chambers, 10/19/12).After years of transitioning between her societal gender role and the gender role made necessary by her family, the delineation became less distinct. The manual labor sculpted Sarah, instilling in her a â€Å"man’s† work ethic, as well as diminishing the strength of her more feminine qualiti es, while amplifying those characteristics associated with the male gender (Chambers, 10/19/12). Her transformation into a man was a process that began there as a child, doing what was necessary to help her family. This established precedent of doing what is necessary sets the stage for her future endeavors.One major benefit of having a female child, during this period, was that once the girl was of age and could be married off, usually around their early teens, they were no longer the financial burden of the family. â€Å"At 19 years of age, Rosetta appeared to have no prospects for marriage, which would have relieved the family of her care,† (Burgess, 9). As the eldest child, with the most responsibility, she understood better than her siblings how her not getting married off was detrimental to the advancement of her family.By the time she had reached this point in her life, her brother Robert was old enough to start working the land alongside Harvey, filling the void Sarah had been filling her entire life. Around the same time that Sarah began to lose her utility at home, Harvey brought the family into some financial turmoil with a hefty debt. After having filled the role as a major contributor and gaining the sense of fatherly duty in caring for the family, Sarah arrived at an impasse.In her mind, the family was still financially dependent upon her, yet â€Å"†¦ her farm work would have been of limited value in paying her father’s debt, and her work as a domestic could not have paid enough to substantially assist her family,† (Burgess, 9). The ways in which she had previously been aiding her family were no longer sufficient. It was at this point in Sarah’s life that she made the conscious decision to go against the confines of society, which would ultimately lead to both her demise as well as her post-mortem fame.Her decision to assume the gender role of a man was a thoroughly calculated one, â€Å"Rosetta realized that on e of the only ways open to finding an honorable position that paid enough for her to assist her indebted family was by dressing and acting the part of a man,† (Burgess, 9). This transition was not the leap it would have been for most women put into her situation, as she had been unknowingly preparing for this her entire life. With her newly realized gender, she would be able to remove her burden from the family, and further benefit them by providing a means to alleviate her father’s debt.Sarah took on a male role with the purpose of finding a job that paid a man’s salary, for it was only as a man that she would be able to make a significant difference. When she first left home in August of 1862, she began working at a coal barge doing manual labor. Similarly to the work she did with Harvey, the job was very physically taxing and further strengthened her work ethic. If Sarah had set out to become a man with any intention other than to support her family then she w ould have most likely stayed there where she was earning enough to be self-sufficient.However her goal was not to become a man, but to do her part for her family. As a result of that, when she was given the opportunity to make a significant difference, at sever personal risk, for her family, she took it. This opportunity presented itself when soldiers from the 153rd Regiment recruited her. â€Å"The $152. 00 bounty offered to enlistees in the 153rd was over a year’s wages to even the ‘male’ Rosetta,† (Burgess, 10). Had Sarah not decided to go out and find work as a man, there would have been no chance of her earning that kind of money, especially not all at once.In addition to the initial lump sum, as a soldier she could guarantee a steady flow of money to her family. In fact she even said, â€Å"I am getting 13 dollars per month, I will send part of it home to you,† which shows that she is doing all possible to keep money going to her family. Witho ut the motivation to earn for her family, there would have been no benefits to her enlisting. More proof that Sarah took on the male role to provide for her family appear in her letters.Many of the letter she sent to her family contained money intended for the family, â€Å"When I send you money I want you to lay it out for the family,† (6/5/1863, Burgess, 31). This clearly shows the money she sent back was for the purpose of supporting the family. It also indicates that she was not sending them money for any reason but benefitting the family. She strongly expresses that point by specifically allocating the funds in several of her letters. In modern times, most people who trade gender roles do it for reasons of sexual expression, whereas Sarah was not sexually confused.This is evidenced most strongly by her relationship with Alfonzo Stewart. Alfonzo Stewart was a ranch hand that worked with Harvey on the farm. Their relationship, if one did truly exist, would have been kept s ecret as he was 25 years older (Chambers, 10/19/12). This is another contrast, between 19th century and 21st century America, because of the fact that a 25 year age difference today is not unheard of, whereas Sarah and Alfonzo’s relationship would have been prohibited. More evidence suggesting Sarah’s heterosexual nature is presented in her letter home on the 19th of June, 1863.While this is not the first letter bringing up Alfonzo, it is the first one that emphasizes her emotional investment in him. It is in this letter than she refers to him by a nickname. She writes,â€Å" †¦ let me know all about farming and how long do you intend to keep Fony, (June 19, 1863, Burgess, 32). While this does not directly prove that there was a sexual relationship taking place, it does suggest that there was, at very least, a strong enough closeness to have special names for each other. The pet name is not the extent of the evidence supporting this claim.In a previous letter, Sa rah mentions Alfonzo in a flirting manner stating, â€Å"Tell me all about Alfonzo. Tell him that I can make the best soldier than he would,† (June 5, 1863, Burgess, 32). This is a prime example of primitive flirting as Sarah’s intent was to tease Alfonzo, and ensure that she was still in his thoughts. Sarah Rosetta Wakeman is the truest definition of a hero. She did whatever it took, and sacrificed everything to take care of her family. Having no brothers old enough to work the field, Sarah began playing the part of a man by working alongside her father on their farm.From that time on, her characteristics only developed more to fit the male role. When she turned 19 she was forced to make the biggest decision, her own identity. She chose to leave home, as a man, to find work to support her family. Contrary to the ideologies behind gender-crossing today, Sarah Rosetta Wakeman’s transformation was not to express suppressed sexual identity, but rather to ensure she would be able to provide for her family and continue her role as a parental figure.

The Vietnam War - 1100 Words

The Vietnam War began on November 1st, 1955.Vietnam decided to have this war because since a very long time ago, Vietnam wished to have a government that was independent, since it has been for a long period of time, colonized first by China, then France and Japan. The United States started this war as a result of the Cold War. This war is caused by the belief that communism was going to expand through south-east Asia, which is not of great content for the United States, since they hold a capitalist and democratic government. The belief of the spread of communism is called the domino theory or the domino effect. The United States wanted to prevent this spread so badly, that from 1950, the US started to support South Korea, and sent military aids to France, all to help their common worry of the dispersion and escalation of communism. A treaty was signed at a Geneva conference, which made Vietnam no longer a French colony in 1954. This treaty stated the separation of the north communists and the south anticommunists. The loss of that essential regional trading area would encourage Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan and Japan to compromise politically with communism. This encouraged the United States to intervene and prevent the domino effect. The Soviet Union and the United states both carried on the fight when it suited them. To support communism, the USSR armed its ally and communist state China.Later on, China armed and equipped North Vietnam in order to fight the Americans.Show MoreRelatedThe War Of Vietnam And The Vietnam War1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe war in Vietnam is The United States and other capitalist bloc countries supported South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) against the support by the Soviet Union and other socialist bloc countries of North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and the Vietcong of war. Which occurred during the Cold War of Vietnam (main battlefield), Laos, and Cambodia. This is the biggest and longtime war in American history during the 1960s (Best 2008). It is also the most significant war after World War IIRead MoreThe Vietnam War On Vietnam1725 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Vietnam Many believe that the way Americans entered the war against the North Vietnam communists was unjust. The United States got into a war that they had no clue on how to win. â€Å"The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The divisive war, increasingly unpopular at home, ended with the withdrawal of U.S. forces in 1973Read MoreThe Vietnam War : Vietnam1170 Words   |  5 PagesBeyond Vietnam. The Vietnam War is one of the most traumatic episodes in the history of the United States. Not only because it ended with a defeat for the United States Army, but because unleashed the largest wave of protests in the country, in which the government lost support. Extended over more than a decade, between 1959 to April 30 of 1975, although the US intervened in 1965, in which American soldiers experienced in firsthand scenes of destruction and death. During the Vietnam War clashedRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam920 Words   |  4 Pages1940’s Vietnam was trying to break free of French reign over their country. During this time period Vietnam was split into two parts, north and south. The Japanese had decided to take over Vietnam in 1942. They couldn’t capture all of Vietnam, so they decided to retreat. North Vietnam proclaimed independence on September 2, 1945 as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The State of Vietnam declared independence on June 14, 1949, but rema ined under French rule until August 1, 1954. South Vietnam was theRead MoreVietnam And The Vietnam War1711 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' The Vietnam War was one of the bloodiest wars in the history of Vietnam. Vietnam use to be a peaceful country until the idea of communism started spreading across Vietnam. Many wanted to stay democratic but saw what happened to the Germans and started to lean towards communism. Many also wanted to stay democratic and still had it hopes high that it will soon get their lives and economy back on track. It later exploded into a huge argument and then leads to a civil war spurring between NorthRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam952 Words   |  4 Pageswords that describe the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War had 240 days of combat in one year. World War II had forty days of combat in four years(Interesting Facts). That statistic shows how rough the Vietnam War was. The fighting was constant between the two sides. This war was fought over politics and had many gruesome battles. Before the Vietnam war, Vietnam was in a revolution because they did not want to be ruled by France. Vietnam wanted to be independent right after World War II ended in 1945. JapanRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam1534 Words   |  7 Pages The Vietnam War began November 1st, 1955 and ended April 30th, 1975. It was a long costly war that involved North Vietnam and their Southern allies, known as Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its main ally the United States. This war was very unpopular at home and would end with the withdrawal of the United States and the unification of Vietnam under communist control. Many think of war as something that just men are involved in but very rarely do people think of the role of women in the warRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam1573 Words   |  7 PagesA. The Vietnam War occurred from 1955-1975, this included the North and South fighting over government structure of the newly independent state of Vietnam, having recently become independent f rom France. However, the USA was in Vietnam as a sort of protection for the South Vietnamese people, who had a weaker army force, but only a few thousand Americans were in Vietnam for that purpose at the time. On August 7, 1964, the USA entered the war for the purpose of fighting the North Vietnamese due toRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam2003 Words   |  9 PagesThe Vietnam War in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia lasted from November 1st, 1955 to around April 30th, 1975. The war was split up between two sides, North Vietnam, who were allied with the Soviet Union, China, and most of the communist countries during this time period, and South Vietnam, who were allied with the United States and many countries that were against the belief of Communism. Although the United States did not necessarily have to get involved in the war, they believed that they had too soRead MoreVietnam And The Vietnam War1987 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1945, at the end of WWII, Vietnam started their war for ind ependence against their colonial rulers, France. Nine years after the start of the First Indochina War, the French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu which led to a peace conference in Geneva. At the conference, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam received their independence from France. However, Vietnam was divided between a Communist North and a Democratic South. In 1958, Communist- supported guerrillas in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, began

Technology Is The Center Of Our Lives - 844 Words

Robots are taking over! Well no, not yet anyhow, but will they? Technology is the center of our lives and we use it for all sorts of things from sending a man to the moon to creating a new bomb. Over time, peoples’ idea of the future has gone from a beautiful technological utopia to a dirty and dismal dystopia of destruction and darkness. They may see the future this way because they are now realizing what mankind is doing with our technological prowess and how we are helpless to stop going down the path we made for ourselves. (reword: how we are helpless in stopping ourselves from going down the path we made.) If you weren’t born into it, technology assists us in our everyday lives and is constantly doing more and more. Think about it, what is one thing everyone has in their pocket? Smart or not, everyone has a phone and everyone loves their phone. Take that phone away from people and they will realize how hard it is to function in this day and age without its handy ap ps and abilities. I myself was without a mobile phone for about a month and it was incredibly difficult to schedule appointments or navigate around this city without it. Not only are people attached to their phones, but people are addicted to their computers and the internet. Nearly every person has a family computer or their own personal computer. People will often come home after work or school to spend the rest of the day on the computer playing games or browsing the internet. It’s no surprise how oftenShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On Society1007 Words   |  5 Pagesof technology in our society There is no doubt that technology has been bettering the way that we learn and makes it more enjoyable and easier than ever. No more fear from going to school early, meet teachers and waste time looking for books on large library shelves. Nowadays with the modern technology people save time, money and energy. They can do a vast number of important things in brief time, with a simple click even while staying in their beds. Of course, not everything about technology isRead MoreSaudi Aramco : A Fully Integrated Global Enterprise1204 Words   |  5 Pagesothers. Energy is the great enabler of life in the modern world. It gives us the means to make our lives more mobile, productive, and meaningful. It gives us the power to provide sustenance to people around the world. With it, we transform our aspirations into businesses that put people to work and drive global commerce. With it, we explore our universe, develop new medicines, and bring to market new technologies. As the global population grows, economies expand, and standards of living increase, energyRead MoreEffects of Technological Advancements on Health976 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology: Effects of Technological Advancements on Health â€Å"Estimated 7–10 billion medical tests are performed each year. Test results play a critical role in health assessment, influencing the majority of medical decisions.† (Hyattsville 2) Ever since the 1800s, scientists have been able to look and study different diseases to find ways to cure people. Scientists create new technological advancements to fight these diseases. Ever since then the race to create technological advancements startedRead MoreTechnology Has Changed Our Lives Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Has Taken Over Our Lives Our society has become dangerously dependent on technology. Easy access to technology during every minute of the day can be useful at some points, but overall is not necessary. Specific problems, and causes will give us a glimpse into our growing dependency and how it is affecting our lives in various ways, none of which are appealing. Our society has become too dependent on technology. New technology used in areas such as medicine, business, manufacturing andRead MoreSwot Analysis1586 Words   |  7 Pagesever setting foot on an airplane. At HP we are proud that our products touch so many lives, and this is just the beginning. We believe that technology is vital to helping us all succeed in this rapidly changing world. We believe that because we serve such a wide range of customers—from individuals to the largest enterprises—we have a unique perspective and exceptional insight into how their needs can be met. And we’re committed to using our products, services, and ideas to unleash the exciting newRead MoreTechnology Affects Our Lives And The World981 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology continues to influence our lives and the world. Hence as technology continues to advance so will the healthcare industry. Technology has become the center of our lives. Thus we are incessantly hooked to our cell phones, the internet, and all things technology related. Technology deviates the way humans function and interconnect with each other. The human civilization has become technologically driven, and we yearn for more intuitive innovations, modernisms, apps and new technologies. MoreoverRead MorePersuasive Essay About Technology1164 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Technology Technology has grown tremendously over the years. The word technology does not allude to any huge innovation that you would find in motion pictures or T.V appears, however ones you find in your everyday life. For instance, consider cell phones, the Internet, portable workstations and so forth. These are things that are difficult to envision without in our day by day life. At the end of the day, just in twenty years, things in the rundown above have totally liquefied into our dayRead MoreThe Problem Of Internet Addiction1221 Words   |  5 PagesIn the modern day, technology surrounds every human in one form or another. Whether it be from televisions, phones, or computers, it is clear that technology affects the lives of the human population as well. This effect from technology has in some ways crippled humanity since we need technology more as a crutch than as a tool. A prime example of dependence on a source of technology is the use of the internet. People from all over the world depend on the internet for their everyday needs rangingRead MoreManaging Technology1482 Words   |  6 Pages Managing Technology Technology, Information Technology included, have changed our lives in so many ways. It changed how we recorded our thoughts into written words, how we communicate with one another, how we shop, bank, how we keep our memories, most aspect of our lives. It significantly changed the manufacture industry and touched almost every single industry. The first computer was invented in 1939 by Hewlett-Packard in a garage in Palo Alto, California. It was mostly used in military/governmentRead MoreTechnology and its Negative Effect on Society Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagestoday. It’s the digital age, technology is booming at such a rapid pace we cannot even wear out our devices before the newer up-to-date models arrive. Technology has negative effects on society, because it is causing our critical thinking and social interaction skills to decline, it is disrupting the American family unit, and it has caused us to become a distracted society that is constantly disrupted from our priorities. Firstly technology is causing a decline in our critical thinking and social

Obesity Causes And Effects - 1090 Words

Causes of Obesity Obesity refers to the condition of having an extra amount of body fat. Obesity is caused by eating too much and moving too little. When an individual’s amount of body fat becomes too high, they are at a greater risk of being affected with life changing diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, type II diabetes, cancer, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, and others. This shows that people should become more physically active and attempt to make healthier choices because their life depends on the decisions, they make. Every day while sitting on the couch eat a burger, and soon many people learn what the obesity hype is all about. Fast food companies are advertising more food for less money with fast service. The media tends to change images for their target customers, to make the food more appealing to those that are watching. Laziness is one of the main causes of obesity in our country. Obesity in the United States is at a high due to the increasing fast food chains, media influence, and a lack of exercise. The idea of having a meal made for them in less than five minutes is somewhat exciting to the view of many individuals.† fast food firms introduced these alternative meals in response to changing consumer tastes†(Buchholz). Many fast food stores offer the customer fast service, and a great tasting meal. They provide their service with a smile and a meal that can cost less than 10 dollars. When people mix poor diet with poorShow MoreRelatedCauses and Effects of Obesity823 Words    |  3 PagesObesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Mankinds around the world are concerned about obesity. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. Therefore obesity has various effects include risk of suffering from a range of health conditions, large fiscal expenditure on medical insurance and lack of self-esteem. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. There are high-calorieRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity832 Words   |  3 PagesThe epidemic of obesity is a medical circumstance defined as excess weight in the form of fat which may impair health. (World Obesity Federation, 2012). Obesity can be calculated by BMI which is body mass index. Obesity means BMI greater than 30. (ibid). This essay will outline the causes and effects of obesity. Diet, lifestyle, toxic environment and the causes of obesity are physical, psychological and economic are impacts. One fundamental cause of obesity is diet. 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The Decline in the Ecological Quality of the woodland, Heathland and Wetland Areas in the New Forest Free Essays

The New Forest, a landscape enjoyed by many as a wonderful break from the bustle of city life, An abundance of species rich habitats, a place of solitude, as open space to be valued and conserved for both present and future generations. To many the New forest may seem an unchanging mosaic of forest, heath and wetland interlocked with small rural settlements whose traditional character seem almost timeless. However beneath this uniquely picturesque landscape lies an environment which is both complex and forever changing, a landscape which through history, has been heavily influenced by man and his activities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Decline in the Ecological Quality of the woodland, Heathland and Wetland Areas in the New Forest or any similar topic only for you Order Now The precise role of man and the influence he is having upon the natural environment often creates a complex set of management issues. These issues embody not only concerns for the environment but often have economic implications for the wider community. The New Forest is a good example of this; it has many conflicting uses and hence requires management. Figure two displays this range of habitats. Habitat Area/ha Heathland/Acid Grassland 11740 Valley Mires and Wet Heaths 238 Unenclosed Deciduous Woodland 4049 Statutory Silvicultural Enclosures 8100 Unenclosable (open to exercise of common rights) 19028 Fig2: The proportions of different habitats It is the largest area of unsown vegetation in lowland Britain. Each habitat is affected differently by different uses, which in the past may have caused a decline in their ecological quality, it is both these uses and the management strategies associated with them that will be the focus of this article. History of Landuse and Management The forest became appointed to the crown as Royal Forest nine hundred years ago, it was used as a reservation for deer and domestic stock. This grazing and browsing limited the regeneration of trees and shrubs. It is currently under the management of the Forestry Commission as detailed in the Forestry and New Forest acts. The Forestry Commission is responsible for the ancient and ornamental woodlands and their timber enclosures this is refered to as the ‘Crown Land’. They are required to give priority to conservation of the forests traditional character. They practice forestry in the Silvicultural Enclosures and have a responsibility for managing the unenclosed forest. The New Forest Heritage area will be referred to as the ‘New Forest’. The common land within the perambulation will be referred to as the ‘Open Forest’. Privately owned and fenced lands will be refered to as ‘Enclosed lands’. Fig 1:Dockens area Fig 3: The New Forest Heritage Area Ten Verderers became responsible for management of communal animals depastured in open forest. They regulated the right of the common promoting the improvement of grazing for the commoners. However these days there are strict guidelines which commoners must adhere to, to try to ensure the retention and sometimes improvement of the landscape quality. In July 1994 the government recognised the New Forest as a unique area giving it similar protection as a national park. It also possesses other designations, it is a SSSI although this offers protection from development it offers little in the way of conservation. In 1996 the New Forest Committee published a management plan entitled ‘A strategy for the New Forest’ its individual aims and strategies will be assessed throughout this article. The Committee represents the principal central and local government organisations in the forest who include Countryside Commission English Nature Forestry Commission Hampshire County Council New Forest District Council Verderers of the New Forest Salisbury District Council Test Valley Borough Council Wiltshire County Council (as Observers) Country Landowners’ Association National Farmers’ Union (as Observers) The development of a management strategy like The New Forest Strategy is important as it recognises the interests of all groups concerned, although the participation of so many organisations that often have conflicting interests may often make management difficult. Today most of the New Forest exists as a pastoral economy based on the exercise of common rights and grazing. The community of farmers made up of between three to four hundred commoners depend upon this for their livelihoods hence the combination of this and conservation makes management more difficult. It is thought that grazing has had a greater effect on vegetation than peat cutting and deforestation, indeed it is thought the landscape has evolved to its present state through the effects of grazing. In each area ecological quality is affected differently by a variety of different uses, so it will be necessary to assess the decline of each one in turn. Woodland Although there are both Silvicultural enclosures and ancient unenclosed deciduous woodland it is the later that possess the most nature conservation value. The silvicultural enclosures though contain approximately 40% of Oak and Beech some containing unmodified former pasture woodland. Because these enclosures have been less grazed than the unenclosed woodland contain many rare plants including bastard balm and the lungwort. These enclosures also contain large populations of predatory birds such as Buzzards and sparrow hawks. Fig 4: Native trees during flood Oak and Beech dominate the unenclosed deciduous woodland, Oaks being more dominant on heavier soils varying in proportion. Under this canopy Holly dominates along with maple and hawthorn. Older oaks contain the richest woodland lichen flora in Lowland Europe while insectivorous birds colonise decaying timber. This area is open to the exercise of common rights and has been for many years, indeed this habitat is Semi-natural, and exists as a Plagioclimax. There has been much research to determine whether this grazing of domestic stock has caused an ecological decline in these forests The animals can be very selective hence the less edible plants may become the most dominant. As a result much research has been undertaken to assess the effects of grazing on woodland. This is in many ways an attempt to determine the level of grazing necessary to prevent further damage to the environment and slow down any ecological decline associated with it. During 1960 Dr George Peterken established ‘The age structure of the enclosed woodlands was related to fluctuations of large herbivores since at least the eighteenth century’. He also found that the most recent periods of regeneration of woodland were 1860-1910 and 1930-1945. The first of these followed the killing of most of the deer population after the order of the deer conservation act in 1851, while the second was due to a slow market and a corresponding reduction in stocks. This had a dramatic effect on the landscape and remains proof of the limiting effect of grazing both on woodland quality and area, as it followed the generation of new trees in adjacent areas. However nowadays commoning has been more intensive and there have been too many invertebrates to allow such natural regeneration. Clearly Herbivores influence species composition and age structure of woods so much so that in the New Forest today elm lime and hazel no longer make up the canopy of the majority of woodland. Research by Prof. Barber of Southampton Univ. has highlighted these reductions in diversity. His pollen diagrams show that elm and lime die out suddenly. He attributes this to them being felled and failing to regenerate. He has also documented a decline in hazel and its disappearance recently. Documentary evidence from 16th and 17th centuries shows hazel to be common. All of this evidence shows a slow increase in browse resistant holly, a decline in ecological quality, which can only be attributed to selective grazing. In comparing this to private forest of similar edaphic quality that has mainly been coppiced we find hazel still abundant along with a rich herb layer. This is in comparison to the sparse herb layer of the grazed area, which comprises of around a poor thirty species. The ungrazed area also contains many lichens and deadwood invertebrates, hence a wide variety and species richness. Management of Woodland The New Forest Committee in their Strategy for the New Forest recognises that ‘Grazing in open forest by sheep and cattle has a strong influence on the age regeneration and species type of the vegetation’ They also recognise that the numbers and proportions of ponies to cattle have a significant effect on the ecology of the forest. It refers to ‘The Lingworth Report’ on grazing. It suggests that pony and cattle premium schemes and marking fees should be used as a mechanism for influencing numbers turned out. Recent research however has shown that social and cultural factors play a greater role in decision making. The report recognises that commoning is poor source of income for commoners and that restrictions on landuse and stock numbers may have profound effects on their livelihoods and the local economy. The Forestry commissions policy is ‘to conserve woodland as an essential component of the traditional character of the forest’. Part of the ‘New Forest review’ recommends that ‘The maximum feasible area of native area of broardleaved component should be grown on the longest feasible rotations, and the possibility of restoring some conifer plantations to broardleave should be investigated’. Such recommendations are encouraging for conservation however the actual implementation may be more difficult to put into practice, while the affects of any recent measures are too early to assess. Unfortunately it is difficult for the Forestry Commission to assess the extent of deterioration or have any control over development in the privately owned forests. This is identified in the ‘Strategy for the New Forest’, it recognises ‘Changes in the design and siting of new planting, changes in management practices and species composition and loss of hedgerows all have important implications for the forest as a whole’ Indeed comparison of the area today to that recorded in the New Forest by English Nature during 1994 shows a reduction in quality of the landscape. It identified 94 sites supporting ancient woodland amounting to 2330ha in privately owned areas. The Report identifies that 37% of ancient woodland from these areas has now been replanted with conifers. Heathlands These are the result of mans activities particularly burning over the last three thousand years and are hence regarded as Semi-natural. Heathlands similar to woodlands have been grazed throughout history. Some heaths were part of the commoning system these are outside the Crown lands and have been enclosed since the 19th Century. Some heath is unenclosed on higher ground. The fringes of the forest in the west have extensive heaths. The heaths inside the perambulation have become degraded through recreational use and gravel extraction, this has contributed to much fragmentation and a reduction in this habitat. Scrub encroachment has become a particular problem and has led to a reduction in bio-diversity through competition. Grazing by Ponies is believed to have led to the rapid decline in populations of Dwarf Gorse an important component of the heathland. The evidence is indicating that grassland is expanding while heathland contracts and this is leading to a decline in the ecological quality of the forest. It is thought and shown by observation that this is apparent where there is intensive grazing and trampling. In 1973 Dr Colin Tubbs showed that areas of heath that had been burnt failed to regenerate due to the grazing pressure. Heathlands support birds like the Dartford Warbler, which in the New Forest has been put under threat by grazing. In 1974 Colin Bibby conducted a national survey of Dartford Warbler populations he concluded that burning and heavy grazing had reduced the birds habitat namely the heathlands, and had hence he attributed a decline in populations of Dartford Warbler to this decline in habitat. It is thought by entomologists that insects particularly butterflies were more frequently sited during the 1930’s. However this is difficult to place certainty on as much of the data is unreliable. They have found that species such as High Brown, Dark Green, Pearl Bordered and many other rare species, which were abundant, are now confined to local areas. During the 1930’s there was less grazing, both this and the higher diversity and this can be said is proof of this ecological decline. Colin Tubbs has expressed concern over buzzard populations who rely on heathlands as their habitat. Competition with large vertebrates is causing them to decline through limiting the number of small ground vertebrates such as rabbits by over grazing. This is the underlying Hypothesis surrounding much of Colin Tubbs work in this area. He established in 1973 that there was a large fall in buzzard production with only one out of six pairs known to rear young since then the number of successful pairs has stayed below the levels during the 1960’s. This followed a large fall in the number of small rodents counted in southern England during 1970. It is difficult to place much reliability on this data. The grazing by ponies continues to be intensive and remain so unless the Forestry Commission takes action. Actions such as the erecting of fences are of little use, as Ponies seem to have a remarkable ability to leap over fences. The Forestry Commission has had to dedicate time to the removal of Ponies and this can often be very costly. Management Of Heathlands The Heathlands are managed by the Forestry Commission, during 1986 the New Forest Review group recommended that some conifer or open woods should be returned to open heathland to reduce there decline, purely in the interests of conservation. The Forestry Commission has already started this holistic approach away from the economic needs of forestry to those of conservation. Many of the proposals outlined in the ‘Strategy for the New Forest’ aims to: ‘work with landowners to conserve and extend heathland reinstating traditional management where possible’ RA3.73b.8. This will be possibly hard to implement, as the economic needs of commoners may be difficult to overcome in the pursuit of conservation. This may only be possible through the adoption of joint marketing of Forest animals and produce to offset the financial implications of this proposal. This is outlined in section 4.1.6 of the report. The Forestry Commission is responsible for the management of the majority of these areas and there is a tendency for their economic implications to override those of conservation. Management also aims to: ‘Raise awareness of the ecological importance of heathland and encourage local support for its conservation’ [RA3.7c]. This is important as raising awareness of the public can lead to involvement through voluntary organisations which can lead to a reduction in expenditure by government and an increase in the amount of positive management for conservation. Although this is hard to implement as it often involves some expensive form of interpretative media. All these policies aim to restore and recreate heathland, although the effects of these actions to the problems already discussed are not yet visible. Wetland’s The New Forest possesses ninety valley mires of which there are only 120 in the whole of Europe, these have high conservation importance. Draining during the 1950’s and 60’s has lead to a reduction in the ecological quality of these environments. Restoration of these areas is important as some pockets contain unique flora and flora, an immense biological richness. They provide both grazing and water for forest animals. Rare species include slender cotton grass (Eriophorum gracile), bog orchid (Hammarabga paludose) which are very rare in Southern England. The Forestry Commission previously had a duty to drain many mires in an effort to fulfil the statutory obligations of ‘The New Forest Act of 1949’. Unfortunately it is only recently that the importance of this habitat ecologically has become realised. It is now part of the ‘New Forest special area of conservation’ and is both a ‘RAMSAR’ wetland and a ‘SSSI’. The most important Mires are located in the Crown lands. The wetlands also include many rivers and their floodplains, while there are historic water meadows and fifty ponds, these also posses high bio-diversity and require management. Many of the streams are rare due to there acid nature hence they support rare species. There has been a reduction in the ecological quality of these areas by modifying or straitening of the marine channels. Low levels in the Rivers and streams have been attributed to a lowering of the water table by boreholes and streams. Management of Wetlands In relation to rivers and streams, the ‘Environment Agency’ has developed a ‘Catchment management plan’ for the New Forest. Which is concerned with the future management of these areas. The recommended actions associated with this management I am unaware of. In relation to mires the Strategy aims to: ‘Restore and enhance damaged valley mires’ [RA3.8b]0 This involves techniques to slow the flow of water restoring levels of water to how they were before drainage. This is achieved by installing small dams along small ditches in an attempt to drain the mire. It tries to mimic natural channel blocking; it is hoped that this will halt headwald erosion. Deep channels have developed in some places, which are a hazard to livestock and damaging to the mire. ‘The Forestry Commission’ has been aiming to infill these with local material to hope that they blend in with surrounding heathland vegetation. Again many of these important areas of conservation occur in the Crown land i.e.- Mires. In one of its recommended actions the Forestry Commission work with land managers and advise them in areas where conservation may not be the land managers highest priority. In Relation to this the strategy aims to: ‘Identify wetland features important to the traditional character of the New Forest and work with landowners/land managers to secure their conservation.’ [RA3.8a], see also RA3.3c0 It is clear now that the New possess a very complex range of management issues and that successful management will require great co-operation between all groups who have an interest for one reason or another in the New Forest. How to cite The Decline in the Ecological Quality of the woodland, Heathland and Wetland Areas in the New Forest, Papers