Monday, December 30, 2019

Technology Is The Center Of Our Lives - 844 Words

Robots are taking over! Well no, not yet anyhow, but will they? Technology is the center of our lives and we use it for all sorts of things from sending a man to the moon to creating a new bomb. Over time, peoples’ idea of the future has gone from a beautiful technological utopia to a dirty and dismal dystopia of destruction and darkness. They may see the future this way because they are now realizing what mankind is doing with our technological prowess and how we are helpless to stop going down the path we made for ourselves. (reword: how we are helpless in stopping ourselves from going down the path we made.) If you weren’t born into it, technology assists us in our everyday lives and is constantly doing more and more. Think about it, what is one thing everyone has in their pocket? Smart or not, everyone has a phone and everyone loves their phone. Take that phone away from people and they will realize how hard it is to function in this day and age without its handy ap ps and abilities. I myself was without a mobile phone for about a month and it was incredibly difficult to schedule appointments or navigate around this city without it. Not only are people attached to their phones, but people are addicted to their computers and the internet. Nearly every person has a family computer or their own personal computer. People will often come home after work or school to spend the rest of the day on the computer playing games or browsing the internet. It’s no surprise how oftenShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On Society1007 Words   |  5 Pagesof technology in our society There is no doubt that technology has been bettering the way that we learn and makes it more enjoyable and easier than ever. No more fear from going to school early, meet teachers and waste time looking for books on large library shelves. Nowadays with the modern technology people save time, money and energy. They can do a vast number of important things in brief time, with a simple click even while staying in their beds. Of course, not everything about technology isRead MoreSaudi Aramco : A Fully Integrated Global Enterprise1204 Words   |  5 Pagesothers. Energy is the great enabler of life in the modern world. It gives us the means to make our lives more mobile, productive, and meaningful. It gives us the power to provide sustenance to people around the world. With it, we transform our aspirations into businesses that put people to work and drive global commerce. With it, we explore our universe, develop new medicines, and bring to market new technologies. As the global population grows, economies expand, and standards of living increase, energyRead MoreEffects of Technological Advancements on Health976 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology: Effects of Technological Advancements on Health â€Å"Estimated 7–10 billion medical tests are performed each year. Test results play a critical role in health assessment, influencing the majority of medical decisions.† (Hyattsville 2) Ever since the 1800s, scientists have been able to look and study different diseases to find ways to cure people. Scientists create new technological advancements to fight these diseases. Ever since then the race to create technological advancements startedRead MoreTechnology Has Changed Our Lives Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Has Taken Over Our Lives Our society has become dangerously dependent on technology. Easy access to technology during every minute of the day can be useful at some points, but overall is not necessary. Specific problems, and causes will give us a glimpse into our growing dependency and how it is affecting our lives in various ways, none of which are appealing. Our society has become too dependent on technology. New technology used in areas such as medicine, business, manufacturing andRead MoreSwot Analysis1586 Words   |  7 Pagesever setting foot on an airplane. At HP we are proud that our products touch so many lives, and this is just the beginning. We believe that technology is vital to helping us all succeed in this rapidly changing world. We believe that because we serve such a wide range of customers—from individuals to the largest enterprises—we have a unique perspective and exceptional insight into how their needs can be met. And we’re committed to using our products, services, and ideas to unleash the exciting newRead MoreTechnology Affects Our Lives And The World981 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology continues to influence our lives and the world. Hence as technology continues to advance so will the healthcare industry. Technology has become the center of our lives. Thus we are incessantly hooked to our cell phones, the internet, and all things technology related. Technology deviates the way humans function and interconnect with each other. The human civilization has become technologically driven, and we yearn for more intuitive innovations, modernisms, apps and new technologies. MoreoverRead MorePersuasive Essay About Technology1164 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Technology Technology has grown tremendously over the years. The word technology does not allude to any huge innovation that you would find in motion pictures or T.V appears, however ones you find in your everyday life. For instance, consider cell phones, the Internet, portable workstations and so forth. These are things that are difficult to envision without in our day by day life. At the end of the day, just in twenty years, things in the rundown above have totally liquefied into our dayRead MoreThe Problem Of Internet Addiction1221 Words   |  5 PagesIn the modern day, technology surrounds every human in one form or another. Whether it be from televisions, phones, or computers, it is clear that technology affects the lives of the human population as well. This effect from technology has in some ways crippled humanity since we need technology more as a crutch than as a tool. A prime example of dependence on a source of technology is the use of the internet. People from all over the world depend on the internet for their everyday needs rangingRead MoreManaging Technology1482 Words   |  6 Pages Managing Technology Technology, Information Technology included, have changed our lives in so many ways. It changed how we recorded our thoughts into written words, how we communicate with one another, how we shop, bank, how we keep our memories, most aspect of our lives. It significantly changed the manufacture industry and touched almost every single industry. The first computer was invented in 1939 by Hewlett-Packard in a garage in Palo Alto, California. It was mostly used in military/governmentRead MoreTechnology and its Negative Effect on Society Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagestoday. It’s the digital age, technology is booming at such a rapid pace we cannot even wear out our devices before the newer up-to-date models arrive. Technology has negative effects on society, because it is causing our critical thinking and social interaction skills to decline, it is disrupting the American family unit, and it has caused us to become a distracted society that is constantly disrupted from our priorities. Firstly technology is causing a decline in our critical thinking and social

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Obesity Causes And Effects - 1090 Words

Causes of Obesity Obesity refers to the condition of having an extra amount of body fat. Obesity is caused by eating too much and moving too little. When an individual’s amount of body fat becomes too high, they are at a greater risk of being affected with life changing diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, type II diabetes, cancer, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, and others. This shows that people should become more physically active and attempt to make healthier choices because their life depends on the decisions, they make. Every day while sitting on the couch eat a burger, and soon many people learn what the obesity hype is all about. Fast food companies are advertising more food for less money with fast service. The media tends to change images for their target customers, to make the food more appealing to those that are watching. Laziness is one of the main causes of obesity in our country. Obesity in the United States is at a high due to the increasing fast food chains, media influence, and a lack of exercise. The idea of having a meal made for them in less than five minutes is somewhat exciting to the view of many individuals.† fast food firms introduced these alternative meals in response to changing consumer tastes†(Buchholz). Many fast food stores offer the customer fast service, and a great tasting meal. They provide their service with a smile and a meal that can cost less than 10 dollars. When people mix poor diet with poorShow MoreRelatedCauses and Effects of Obesity823 Words    |  3 PagesObesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Mankinds around the world are concerned about obesity. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. Therefore obesity has various effects include risk of suffering from a range of health conditions, large fiscal expenditure on medical insurance and lack of self-esteem. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. There are high-calorieRead MoreCauses and Effects of Obesity832 Words   |  3 PagesThe epidemic of obesity is a medical circumstance defined as excess weight in the form of fat which may impair health. (World Obesity Federation, 2012). Obesity can be calculated by BMI which is body mass index. Obesity means BMI greater than 30. (ibid). This essay will outline the causes and effects of obesity. Diet, lifestyle, toxic environment and the causes of obesity are physical, psychological and economic are impacts. One fundamental cause of obesity is diet. Adolescence is perfect exampleRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Obesity686 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of Obesity Overview Obesity according to Birmingham and Treasure means there is an excess of adipose tissue (fat) in the body (195). Today, hardly a day goes without the mention of an obesity related issue in the news. In a way, obesity is increasingly becoming a national epidemic. As medical practitioners debate on whether or not obesity should be regarded a disease, policy makers are mulling over what course of action should be adopted so as to rein in the problem of obesityRead MoreCause And Effect Of Obesity1477 Words   |  6 Pages Cause and effect essay Ahmad Elham ENG 111/FH21 Sunithi Gnanadoss May 2, 2017 After World War II, when the baby Boomer generation emerged, USA economy increased and people started utilizing fast food without a diet plan, without caring about nutrition in their food and the calories they were consuming caused obesity. At the same time, transportation and technology revolutions which meant to bring ease in nation’s lives, brought laziness and obesity. Ultimately, many others callRead MoreObesity : Causes And Effects2292 Words   |  10 PagesObesity has been a topic of debate for decades. The prevalence of obesity in children in the United States has continued to rise, and there is still much debate on whether one thing or another causes obese effects. According to a Micro simulation analysis, one in three children in the US between ages 2 and 19 were obese between 2009 and 2010 (Kristensen et.al, 2014). Support has been shown that these numbers have only been increasing, as researchers have uncovered more about how childhood obesityRead MoreObesity : C auses And Effects2476 Words   |  10 PagesWhen you think of the general health of America, what first comes to mind? Most would likely answer this question along the lines of our population being overweight. Obesity is one of the leading causes of death in the US with at least 30,000 people dying from this disease each year (Obesity Epidemic). Obesity symptoms often arise at an early age and can lead to an array of issues well beyond excessive weight gain, but who is to blame? Many critics attribute the explosion of the disease to theRead MoreCauses And Effect Of Obesity1071 Words   |  5 Pages Obesity is known to produce a number of stress and inflammation responses in the body that lead to the activation of the inflammatory signalling molecules, Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitory kB kinase (IKK). Activation of these pathways plays a key part in the development of insulin resistance followed by progression to diabetes as they greatly affect inflammatory responses, insulin signalling, and lipid and glucose homeostatis (Nakamura et al. 2014). For example, activating the JNK pathwayRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Obesity Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesresult of cause and effect. For instance, if a match is struck; a flame ignites, if water is put on the flame; the flame is extinguished, if more fuel is adde d to the fire; the fire gets bigger. A major problem in our society today, the problem of obesity, results from cause and effect. While many factors are involved, the causes for obesity are ultimately from choices made by individuals. One of the causes for the continuing rise in obesity in the United States is because the cycle of obesity, thatRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Obesity In America870 Words   |  4 PagesThe Centers of Disease Control and Prevention defines obesity as having a BMI over 30 (CDC). In the year 2000, roughly 30 percent of 20 year olds in America were obese. By 2003 that number had risen to 32 percent. That is a small window of increase. From the 1970s to the early 2000s, the percent of obese Americans doubled. This means that in 1970, only 15 percent of Americans were obese, and in the thirty years following, obesity took a sharp rise. In 1960, 13 percent of Americans were obese. TheRead MoreCause and Effect Essay on Obesity962 Words   |  4 PagesTiffan y Nali Period 3 May 20,2012 Cause and Effect Essay on Obesity Obesity is one of the main topics in America including one of the main reasons of death.-(begin with a subject) Detecting obesity is easy, but treating it can be very hard to do. Never have there have been so many teens and children not only overweight but obese. In some ways, it could be called the plague of the twenty- first century due to adolescents and teenagers indulging

Saturday, December 14, 2019

The Decline in the Ecological Quality of the woodland, Heathland and Wetland Areas in the New Forest Free Essays

The New Forest, a landscape enjoyed by many as a wonderful break from the bustle of city life, An abundance of species rich habitats, a place of solitude, as open space to be valued and conserved for both present and future generations. To many the New forest may seem an unchanging mosaic of forest, heath and wetland interlocked with small rural settlements whose traditional character seem almost timeless. However beneath this uniquely picturesque landscape lies an environment which is both complex and forever changing, a landscape which through history, has been heavily influenced by man and his activities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Decline in the Ecological Quality of the woodland, Heathland and Wetland Areas in the New Forest or any similar topic only for you Order Now The precise role of man and the influence he is having upon the natural environment often creates a complex set of management issues. These issues embody not only concerns for the environment but often have economic implications for the wider community. The New Forest is a good example of this; it has many conflicting uses and hence requires management. Figure two displays this range of habitats. Habitat Area/ha Heathland/Acid Grassland 11740 Valley Mires and Wet Heaths 238 Unenclosed Deciduous Woodland 4049 Statutory Silvicultural Enclosures 8100 Unenclosable (open to exercise of common rights) 19028 Fig2: The proportions of different habitats It is the largest area of unsown vegetation in lowland Britain. Each habitat is affected differently by different uses, which in the past may have caused a decline in their ecological quality, it is both these uses and the management strategies associated with them that will be the focus of this article. History of Landuse and Management The forest became appointed to the crown as Royal Forest nine hundred years ago, it was used as a reservation for deer and domestic stock. This grazing and browsing limited the regeneration of trees and shrubs. It is currently under the management of the Forestry Commission as detailed in the Forestry and New Forest acts. The Forestry Commission is responsible for the ancient and ornamental woodlands and their timber enclosures this is refered to as the ‘Crown Land’. They are required to give priority to conservation of the forests traditional character. They practice forestry in the Silvicultural Enclosures and have a responsibility for managing the unenclosed forest. The New Forest Heritage area will be referred to as the ‘New Forest’. The common land within the perambulation will be referred to as the ‘Open Forest’. Privately owned and fenced lands will be refered to as ‘Enclosed lands’. Fig 1:Dockens area Fig 3: The New Forest Heritage Area Ten Verderers became responsible for management of communal animals depastured in open forest. They regulated the right of the common promoting the improvement of grazing for the commoners. However these days there are strict guidelines which commoners must adhere to, to try to ensure the retention and sometimes improvement of the landscape quality. In July 1994 the government recognised the New Forest as a unique area giving it similar protection as a national park. It also possesses other designations, it is a SSSI although this offers protection from development it offers little in the way of conservation. In 1996 the New Forest Committee published a management plan entitled ‘A strategy for the New Forest’ its individual aims and strategies will be assessed throughout this article. The Committee represents the principal central and local government organisations in the forest who include Countryside Commission English Nature Forestry Commission Hampshire County Council New Forest District Council Verderers of the New Forest Salisbury District Council Test Valley Borough Council Wiltshire County Council (as Observers) Country Landowners’ Association National Farmers’ Union (as Observers) The development of a management strategy like The New Forest Strategy is important as it recognises the interests of all groups concerned, although the participation of so many organisations that often have conflicting interests may often make management difficult. Today most of the New Forest exists as a pastoral economy based on the exercise of common rights and grazing. The community of farmers made up of between three to four hundred commoners depend upon this for their livelihoods hence the combination of this and conservation makes management more difficult. It is thought that grazing has had a greater effect on vegetation than peat cutting and deforestation, indeed it is thought the landscape has evolved to its present state through the effects of grazing. In each area ecological quality is affected differently by a variety of different uses, so it will be necessary to assess the decline of each one in turn. Woodland Although there are both Silvicultural enclosures and ancient unenclosed deciduous woodland it is the later that possess the most nature conservation value. The silvicultural enclosures though contain approximately 40% of Oak and Beech some containing unmodified former pasture woodland. Because these enclosures have been less grazed than the unenclosed woodland contain many rare plants including bastard balm and the lungwort. These enclosures also contain large populations of predatory birds such as Buzzards and sparrow hawks. Fig 4: Native trees during flood Oak and Beech dominate the unenclosed deciduous woodland, Oaks being more dominant on heavier soils varying in proportion. Under this canopy Holly dominates along with maple and hawthorn. Older oaks contain the richest woodland lichen flora in Lowland Europe while insectivorous birds colonise decaying timber. This area is open to the exercise of common rights and has been for many years, indeed this habitat is Semi-natural, and exists as a Plagioclimax. There has been much research to determine whether this grazing of domestic stock has caused an ecological decline in these forests The animals can be very selective hence the less edible plants may become the most dominant. As a result much research has been undertaken to assess the effects of grazing on woodland. This is in many ways an attempt to determine the level of grazing necessary to prevent further damage to the environment and slow down any ecological decline associated with it. During 1960 Dr George Peterken established ‘The age structure of the enclosed woodlands was related to fluctuations of large herbivores since at least the eighteenth century’. He also found that the most recent periods of regeneration of woodland were 1860-1910 and 1930-1945. The first of these followed the killing of most of the deer population after the order of the deer conservation act in 1851, while the second was due to a slow market and a corresponding reduction in stocks. This had a dramatic effect on the landscape and remains proof of the limiting effect of grazing both on woodland quality and area, as it followed the generation of new trees in adjacent areas. However nowadays commoning has been more intensive and there have been too many invertebrates to allow such natural regeneration. Clearly Herbivores influence species composition and age structure of woods so much so that in the New Forest today elm lime and hazel no longer make up the canopy of the majority of woodland. Research by Prof. Barber of Southampton Univ. has highlighted these reductions in diversity. His pollen diagrams show that elm and lime die out suddenly. He attributes this to them being felled and failing to regenerate. He has also documented a decline in hazel and its disappearance recently. Documentary evidence from 16th and 17th centuries shows hazel to be common. All of this evidence shows a slow increase in browse resistant holly, a decline in ecological quality, which can only be attributed to selective grazing. In comparing this to private forest of similar edaphic quality that has mainly been coppiced we find hazel still abundant along with a rich herb layer. This is in comparison to the sparse herb layer of the grazed area, which comprises of around a poor thirty species. The ungrazed area also contains many lichens and deadwood invertebrates, hence a wide variety and species richness. Management of Woodland The New Forest Committee in their Strategy for the New Forest recognises that ‘Grazing in open forest by sheep and cattle has a strong influence on the age regeneration and species type of the vegetation’ They also recognise that the numbers and proportions of ponies to cattle have a significant effect on the ecology of the forest. It refers to ‘The Lingworth Report’ on grazing. It suggests that pony and cattle premium schemes and marking fees should be used as a mechanism for influencing numbers turned out. Recent research however has shown that social and cultural factors play a greater role in decision making. The report recognises that commoning is poor source of income for commoners and that restrictions on landuse and stock numbers may have profound effects on their livelihoods and the local economy. The Forestry commissions policy is ‘to conserve woodland as an essential component of the traditional character of the forest’. Part of the ‘New Forest review’ recommends that ‘The maximum feasible area of native area of broardleaved component should be grown on the longest feasible rotations, and the possibility of restoring some conifer plantations to broardleave should be investigated’. Such recommendations are encouraging for conservation however the actual implementation may be more difficult to put into practice, while the affects of any recent measures are too early to assess. Unfortunately it is difficult for the Forestry Commission to assess the extent of deterioration or have any control over development in the privately owned forests. This is identified in the ‘Strategy for the New Forest’, it recognises ‘Changes in the design and siting of new planting, changes in management practices and species composition and loss of hedgerows all have important implications for the forest as a whole’ Indeed comparison of the area today to that recorded in the New Forest by English Nature during 1994 shows a reduction in quality of the landscape. It identified 94 sites supporting ancient woodland amounting to 2330ha in privately owned areas. The Report identifies that 37% of ancient woodland from these areas has now been replanted with conifers. Heathlands These are the result of mans activities particularly burning over the last three thousand years and are hence regarded as Semi-natural. Heathlands similar to woodlands have been grazed throughout history. Some heaths were part of the commoning system these are outside the Crown lands and have been enclosed since the 19th Century. Some heath is unenclosed on higher ground. The fringes of the forest in the west have extensive heaths. The heaths inside the perambulation have become degraded through recreational use and gravel extraction, this has contributed to much fragmentation and a reduction in this habitat. Scrub encroachment has become a particular problem and has led to a reduction in bio-diversity through competition. Grazing by Ponies is believed to have led to the rapid decline in populations of Dwarf Gorse an important component of the heathland. The evidence is indicating that grassland is expanding while heathland contracts and this is leading to a decline in the ecological quality of the forest. It is thought and shown by observation that this is apparent where there is intensive grazing and trampling. In 1973 Dr Colin Tubbs showed that areas of heath that had been burnt failed to regenerate due to the grazing pressure. Heathlands support birds like the Dartford Warbler, which in the New Forest has been put under threat by grazing. In 1974 Colin Bibby conducted a national survey of Dartford Warbler populations he concluded that burning and heavy grazing had reduced the birds habitat namely the heathlands, and had hence he attributed a decline in populations of Dartford Warbler to this decline in habitat. It is thought by entomologists that insects particularly butterflies were more frequently sited during the 1930’s. However this is difficult to place certainty on as much of the data is unreliable. They have found that species such as High Brown, Dark Green, Pearl Bordered and many other rare species, which were abundant, are now confined to local areas. During the 1930’s there was less grazing, both this and the higher diversity and this can be said is proof of this ecological decline. Colin Tubbs has expressed concern over buzzard populations who rely on heathlands as their habitat. Competition with large vertebrates is causing them to decline through limiting the number of small ground vertebrates such as rabbits by over grazing. This is the underlying Hypothesis surrounding much of Colin Tubbs work in this area. He established in 1973 that there was a large fall in buzzard production with only one out of six pairs known to rear young since then the number of successful pairs has stayed below the levels during the 1960’s. This followed a large fall in the number of small rodents counted in southern England during 1970. It is difficult to place much reliability on this data. The grazing by ponies continues to be intensive and remain so unless the Forestry Commission takes action. Actions such as the erecting of fences are of little use, as Ponies seem to have a remarkable ability to leap over fences. The Forestry Commission has had to dedicate time to the removal of Ponies and this can often be very costly. Management Of Heathlands The Heathlands are managed by the Forestry Commission, during 1986 the New Forest Review group recommended that some conifer or open woods should be returned to open heathland to reduce there decline, purely in the interests of conservation. The Forestry Commission has already started this holistic approach away from the economic needs of forestry to those of conservation. Many of the proposals outlined in the ‘Strategy for the New Forest’ aims to: ‘work with landowners to conserve and extend heathland reinstating traditional management where possible’ RA3.73b.8. This will be possibly hard to implement, as the economic needs of commoners may be difficult to overcome in the pursuit of conservation. This may only be possible through the adoption of joint marketing of Forest animals and produce to offset the financial implications of this proposal. This is outlined in section 4.1.6 of the report. The Forestry Commission is responsible for the management of the majority of these areas and there is a tendency for their economic implications to override those of conservation. Management also aims to: ‘Raise awareness of the ecological importance of heathland and encourage local support for its conservation’ [RA3.7c]. This is important as raising awareness of the public can lead to involvement through voluntary organisations which can lead to a reduction in expenditure by government and an increase in the amount of positive management for conservation. Although this is hard to implement as it often involves some expensive form of interpretative media. All these policies aim to restore and recreate heathland, although the effects of these actions to the problems already discussed are not yet visible. Wetland’s The New Forest possesses ninety valley mires of which there are only 120 in the whole of Europe, these have high conservation importance. Draining during the 1950’s and 60’s has lead to a reduction in the ecological quality of these environments. Restoration of these areas is important as some pockets contain unique flora and flora, an immense biological richness. They provide both grazing and water for forest animals. Rare species include slender cotton grass (Eriophorum gracile), bog orchid (Hammarabga paludose) which are very rare in Southern England. The Forestry Commission previously had a duty to drain many mires in an effort to fulfil the statutory obligations of ‘The New Forest Act of 1949’. Unfortunately it is only recently that the importance of this habitat ecologically has become realised. It is now part of the ‘New Forest special area of conservation’ and is both a ‘RAMSAR’ wetland and a ‘SSSI’. The most important Mires are located in the Crown lands. The wetlands also include many rivers and their floodplains, while there are historic water meadows and fifty ponds, these also posses high bio-diversity and require management. Many of the streams are rare due to there acid nature hence they support rare species. There has been a reduction in the ecological quality of these areas by modifying or straitening of the marine channels. Low levels in the Rivers and streams have been attributed to a lowering of the water table by boreholes and streams. Management of Wetlands In relation to rivers and streams, the ‘Environment Agency’ has developed a ‘Catchment management plan’ for the New Forest. Which is concerned with the future management of these areas. The recommended actions associated with this management I am unaware of. In relation to mires the Strategy aims to: ‘Restore and enhance damaged valley mires’ [RA3.8b]0 This involves techniques to slow the flow of water restoring levels of water to how they were before drainage. This is achieved by installing small dams along small ditches in an attempt to drain the mire. It tries to mimic natural channel blocking; it is hoped that this will halt headwald erosion. Deep channels have developed in some places, which are a hazard to livestock and damaging to the mire. ‘The Forestry Commission’ has been aiming to infill these with local material to hope that they blend in with surrounding heathland vegetation. Again many of these important areas of conservation occur in the Crown land i.e.- Mires. In one of its recommended actions the Forestry Commission work with land managers and advise them in areas where conservation may not be the land managers highest priority. In Relation to this the strategy aims to: ‘Identify wetland features important to the traditional character of the New Forest and work with landowners/land managers to secure their conservation.’ [RA3.8a], see also RA3.3c0 It is clear now that the New possess a very complex range of management issues and that successful management will require great co-operation between all groups who have an interest for one reason or another in the New Forest. How to cite The Decline in the Ecological Quality of the woodland, Heathland and Wetland Areas in the New Forest, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Trends Leadership In The Future

Question: What the current trends are and how it can influence decisions and roles of leaders in the future. Past research has shown us the limitations in leadership, the current leadership trends are evolving and the future, though it may be uncertain holds a lot of promise to produce excellent leaders.Demonstrates an understanding of current trends in leadership development? Answer: 1. Introduction: The previous 25 years have seen the rise of new theoretical models in the field of instructive authority. Two of the preeminent models, as measured by the quantity of exact studies, are instructional administration and transformational authority.(HALLINGER, 2003) Interestingly with numerous prior authority models connected to class organization (e.g. situational administration, characteristic hypotheses, possibility hypothesis),(HALLINGER, 2003, p. 331) these models concentrate unequivocally on the way in which the instructive authority practiced by school heads and instructors achieves enhanced instructive results. (HALLINGER, 2003) Bramble and Jackson (2002), and West and Jackson (2002) draw on a progression of visits to 14 authority focuses in seven nations, which occurred in 2001. (Weindling, 2003)These visits affirmed a worldwide agreement that administration advancement happens whatsoever phases of an individual's vocation.(Weindling, 2003) In very nearly all the focuses, the p roject substance had moved to transformational, learning-centered and moral models of authority. The learning plan included the utilization of reflection, activity research, enquiry routines, study gatherings, organizes and experienced principals going about as guides and specialists. In light of Vicere and Fulmer's investigation of authority adapting in a number of top organizations (1998), (Weindling, 2003) West and Jackson created the accompanying table to portray the current patterns in administration advancement. (Weindling, 2003) 2.Leadership A meaning of administration focused around position has likewise been mainstream in general society initiative writing for instance, the thought of super-heads in schools, chose leaders in neighborhood government what's more turnaround CEOs in neighborhood government and heads in training . On the other hand, confirmation and experience in the course of the most recent decade has demonstrated the impediments of an absolutely positional methodology to authority. Currie et al (2005) point out the disagreements between an approach stance which calls for transformational authority at the bleeding edge however with an extreme accentuation on halfway determined execution targets which permit little degree for change at the nearby level. Different scholars, while perceiving the estimation of an examination of the individual as well as the position, have estimated and scrutinized the courses of action of administration. This is especially clear in the methodology of Heifetz (1994) who conte nds that administration regularly needs to go past formal power and gets to be principally a procedure of impact. For instance, he composes: 'To catch these employments of the term [leadership] in a definition, we can utilize the saying "activate", which implies persuading, sorting out, situating and centering consideration. An enthusiasm for administration forms likewise includes considering the relationship in the middle of pioneers thus called adherents, and how impact happens between them. Enthusiasm for devotees is a minority engage however can be exceptionally uncovering about initiative procedures Enthusiasm for versatile initiative and in administration past limits, and past power, has been expanding among UK open arrangement producers and supervisors. They face raised desires by subjects that legislatures and open administrations will react to the complex cross-cutting issues confronting them, their families and their groups, and open pioneers have in this way perceived the need to work mutually with accomplices in the private, open, and deliberate divisions, and with common society associations, to handle such crosscutting issues. There is an expanding examination concentrate not on the individual or on a solitary authority position, yet on dispersed initiative over an association or system. This appears to be progressively vital in the setting of association working, between authoritative movement, and entire frameworks working, where initiative is regularly scattered, community, aggregate, or challenged. Nonetheless, as a few pundits have noted , if everybody can be a pioneer, based on their role as an influencer, then the term authority loses its expository edge. It is therefore that we will need to turn later to looking at the qualities of authority, to recognize distinctive assets and parts in administrations. 2.1 Leadership in the Past: Given the new prevalence of this authority model amid the early 1980s, researchers therefore produced a significant assemblage of global research Indeed, in their extensive audit of exploration on school authority and its impacts, Hallinger and Heck (1996) reasoned that this was the most well-known conceptualization of school authority utilized amid the time of their survey of exact research on school administration impacts (19801995). An ensuing audit of exploration concentrated exclusively upon instructional administration found that over 125 observational studies utilized this build somewhere around 1980 and 20. We have observed that in the course of the most recent 100 years, most administration hypotheses have been started without a spotlight on the crucial center procedures that result in the advancement of administration that eventual portrayed by those models, e.g., a way objective pioneer. As an outcome, there has commonly been no consideration regarding advancement or we discover post hoc conceptualizations and testing with little thoroughness. We have picked the inverse approach and thought about the model of bona fide administration beginning with and incorporating all through our conceptualization of the element procedure of advancement in connection. We see the gathering of articles here as drawing upon a wide mixed bag of hypothetical conventions to offer different yet complimentary and testing points of view on what may constitute genuine administration, valid followership, and their particular advancement. Ahead of the pack article, we display a extensive, based toward oneself model of genuine pioneer and devotee improvement (Avilio et al, 2005). Our focal reason is that through expanded mindfulness, selfregulation, furthermore positive demonstrating, credible pioneers encourage the improvement of legitimacy in adherents. Thusly, supporters' credibility helps their prosperity and the accomplishment of supportable and veritable execution. A key point is the vitality of genuine followership and its association with credible administration and its improvement. The second article by Ilies et al, (2005) advances a reciprocal model of bona fide pioneer and adherent advancement that spotlights on the components of legitimacy and the procedures whereby bona fide authority helps the eudaemonic prosperity of pioneers and supporters. Interestingly, despite the fact that the applied models propelled in our lead article and by Ilies et al. were created autonomously without talk, they contain some essentially imperative basic components, maybe demonstrating they are both uncovering key parts of legitimacy, or are both comparatively off target! Both of these models draw intensely from the work of Kemis (2003), albeit there are some contrasts in their application of his thoughts. As a feature of a bigger hypothesis of ideal respect toward oneself, Kemis recognizes four center components of realness: mindfulness, impartial preparing, social validness, also true conduct/activity.(Kemis, 2003) In spite of the fact that Ilies et al. (2005) utilizes the sam e terms in their model, we change them somewhat to better reflect our origination of legitimate administration. (Ilies et al, 2005) Particularly, we utilize the term balanced processing, rather than fair preparing in distinguishment of far reaching examination from cognitive brain research which shows people are characteristically imperfect and one-sided data processors (Fiske and Tayor, 1991); (Wallace, 2003). As opposed to belligerence that legitimate pioneers and supporters are free of cognitive inclinations, they declare that they are slanted and ready to consider different sides of an issue what's more various viewpoints as they survey data in a moderately adjusted way. They in like manner consider the term social straightforwardness to be more distinct than the expression social genuineness since it better reflects the open and straightforward way whereby genuine pioneers and adherents are placed to impart data to one another and close others. 2.2 Current Future Trends in Leadership: The line in the middle of pioneers and adherents in this environment gets to be less clear and more adaptable. Past exploration on administration that has taken a gander at the relationship between a pioneer and his or her adherents, then, does not sufficiently or totally fit the current authoritative structure. Administration can't be considered in the slick bundles of pioneers and adherents any more if individuals need to truly comprehend what is going ahead inside their groups and associations. There is a requirement for research that expands on the history and former work done about authority additionally adjusts this collection of information to fit today's surroundings. Subsequently, a movement is required in the way group initiative is mulled over, and additionally the practices needed for adequacy. As associations move from a more customary, progressive structure to a more group based structure, the part and capacity of initiative is thought to change, too (Nygren and Levine, 1995). This is shown in the past audit of later initiative speculations, for example, Manz and Sims (1989), too as the conceptualization of initiative as a procedure. The "charge and control" models of initiative don't fit these re-built and enabled associations (particularly for those individuals in charge of the bleeding edge representatives), and pioneers who were effective in the past are not so much going to be effective later on. As Fisher (1993) clarifies, people in charge of overseeing representatives that are sorted out into self-oversaw groups need diverse initiative aptitudes from those utilized by conventional chiefs. Not just is a move in aptitudes needed, however the meaning of an effective pioneer in a group environment is practically non-existent. Huge changes in conduct are needed, yet wha t the new practices ought to be is extremely hazy. This nonappearance of clarity is because of the absence of experimental studies to date addressing the practices included the whole time that prompt achievement (Nygren and Levine, 1995). In understanding what is critical for fruitful group administration, a thought of worker inspiration in the connection of today's associations may be useful. As said prior, inspiration hypothesis has been nearly connected to authority hypothesis. The idea of inspiration assumes a key part in group based associations and group authority, in spite of the fact that it might be characterized to a degree in an unexpected way. As per Senge et al, (1994), mindfulness also inspiration to a typical objective are two variables fundamental for a learning association to exist, which they characterize as the most beneficial kind of association. Learning associations may not presently exist as portrayed by Senge, et al., yet the best associations are seeking after the learning association as an objective, consistently progressing in the direction of this condition of advancement and development. Every worker, not simply the formal pioneers, needs to be mindful of their qualities, intentions , and objectives. They likewise need to focus on a typical objective and feel responsibility for objective to be roused to deliver and move the association forward. Such duty and inspiration will permit a more extensive range of people to take an interest in driving the association into what's to come. Since each representative must be spurred and focused on arriving at hierarchical objectives, not simply the pioneers, administration tackles an alternate structure. No more do formal pioneers exist to screen representative conduct and right issues. Every representative is responsible for his or her work and in charge of the consequences of the group, figuring out what is most essential and how function ought to be finished. Everybody, along these lines, is accused of demonstrating some initiative qualities. The forefront doers are not given unequivocal, regulated guidelines; rather, they settle on the specifics of their work themselves. Such strengthening is the starting period of creating an administration process in which everybody can captivate. A fascinating part of group initiative, rather than individual worker administration, is that achievement does not appear subordinate singularly on applying the privilege conduct given the right circumstance, as the possibility hypotheses propose. As depicted over, the way of work is changing, obliging substantially more advancement, inventiveness, and individual thought and activity. The same is valid for the work of pioneers. Medicines, arrangements, and strategies no more exist to help pioneers choose what to do in what circumstance, on the off chance that they ever did exist truly. It is more outlandish today than before that pioneers will confront the same circumstances every now and again enough that solutions would be of worth. Given the expanded multifaceted nature of chip away at such a variety of levels, (for example, innovative, interpersonal, and natural), workers are obliged to apply their judgment to assess circumstances and settle on choices as opposed to depending on settled structure or schedule. Pioneers are obliged to think and act in an unexpected way, utilizing development and individual qualities to help direct their activities, as opposed to emulating reading material arrangements. Completely understanding the part of pioneers obliges taking a gander at what happens inside these people, not simply watching their conduct (Nygren and Levine, 1995). It is proposed that tomorrow's pioneers may need to hold dreams, values, suppositions, and ideal models that are in concurrence with having a group arranged, enabled workforce so as to be best. Without the vision and values that backing the authoritative structures without bounds, individuals may not be prepared to settle on choices in accordance with that structure. The nonappearance of clear arrangements and formulas for conduct obliges the utilization of individual judgment, and individuals build their judgment in light of their standards. For the choices to be adjusted to the association, eac h part's ideal models and must additionally be adjusted to those of the association. Just when this exists will a pioneer demonstration reliably in business organizations. Conclusions: Generally little work has been carried out over the previous 100 years to substantiate whether authority can really be produced. Surely, in light of the meta-investigation discoveries investigated above, just 201 studies were distinguished that fit the intercession definition. Of those 201 studies, just around one third centered on creating administration as contradicted to controlling it for effect through part plays or scripts to test a specific recommendation in one of the different models. One of the developing regions of enthusiasm for administration research is to create administration, it is basic that we inspect how a pioneer's thought toward oneself and/or character is structured, changed, and impacts conduct (Swann et al. 2007). This brings up a key issue with respect to what constitutes pioneers' working self concept what's more/or character as for how they go about impacting others (Swann et al. 2007). For instance, does a credible pioneer have an alternate working though t toward oneself than somebody who is portrayed by supporters as transformational or value-based, what's more how do these distinctions create in the pioneer over the long haul? (Malhotra et al, 2007) We know from past writing that in spite of the fact that a pioneer's working thought toward oneself is developed in the current minute, it is likewise focused around more steady thoughts toward oneself and characters put away in the individual's long term memory. Avolio Chan (2008) demonstrate there are sure trigger occasions that enact the pioneer's working thought toward oneself. These trigger occasions actuate self-centered consideration, assessment toward oneself, and actuate a pioneer's working thought toward oneself. These trigger minutes can happen regularly as the pioneer associates with others amid administration scenes then again they can be instigated through formal preparing activities and reflection toward oneself (Roberts et al. 2005). An alternate extremely guaranteeing zone of examination that has not gotten sufficient consideration in the authority writing spotlights on understanding what constitutes a single person's level of formative preparation or one's limit or motivational introduction to create to one's maximum capacity. Earlier creators have characterized formative availability as being comprised of segments, for example, one's objective introduction (Dweck 1986) and inspiration to create administration (Maurer Lippstreu 2005). In this writing, the writers contend that pioneers who are more roused to learn at the beginning and who have higher inspiration to lead will more probable grasp trigger occasions that empower their reasoning about their own particular advancement as a chance to enhance their administration adequacy. In total, a lot of vitality and investment is rising in the authority improvement writing that recommends there will be a parcel more action in attempting to find what sways veritable authority improvement at differe nt levels of investigation, from cognitive through to hierarchical atmospheres. References: Dweck, (1986) Motivational processes affecting learning. Am. Psychol. 41:104048 Fiske and Tayor. (1991). Social cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill. HALLINGER, P. (2003). Leading Educational Change. Cambridge Journal of Education , 329-351. Ilies et al. (2005). Authentic leadership and eudaemonic well-being: Understanding leadership. The Leadership Quaterly . Kemis. (2003). Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14, , 126. Lord RG, Brown BR. 2004. Leadership Processes and Follower Self-Identity. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Lord RG, Brown DJ. 2001. Leadership, values, and subordinate self-concepts. Leadersh. Q. 12:13352 Lord RG, Brown DJ, Harvey JL, Hall RJ. 2001. Contextual constraints on prototype generation and their multilevel consequences for leadership perceptions. Leadersh. Q. 12:31138 Lord RG, Emrich CG. 2000. Thinking outside the box by looking inside the box: extending the cognitive revolution in leadership research. Leadersh. Q. 11:55179 Lord RG, Hall RJ. 1992. Contemporary views of leadership and individual differences. Leadersh. Q. 3:13757 Lord RG, Hall RJ. 2005. Identity, deep structure and the development of leadership skill. Leadersh. Q. 16:591615 Malhotra et al, (2007). Leading virtual teams. Acad. Manage. Perspect. 21:6070 Maurer TJ, Lippstreu M. 2005. Differentiating Motivation to Lead from Motivation to Develop Leadership Capability: Relevance of Born vs Made Beliefs. Presented at meet. Acad. Manage., Honolulu, HI Roberts et al, (2005) Composing the reflected best-self portrait: building pathways for becoming extraordinary in work organizations. Acad. Manage. Rev.30:71236 Wallace. (2003). The reflected self: Creating yourself as (you think) others see you. . In . J. M. R. Leary, Handbook of self and identity (pp. 91-105). New York: Guilford Press. Weindling, D. (2003). Leadership Development in Practice: Trends and innovations. National College for School Leadership.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Jeffrey Dahmer- Serial Killer Essays - Gay Men, Free Essays

Jeffrey Dahmer- Serial Killer Essays - Gay Men, Free Essays Jeffrey Dahmer- "Serial Killer" When we look back at some "crimes of the century" some that should definately come to mind are the gruesome murders the late Jeffrey Dahmer performed. This mysterious serial killer, also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal, probably accounted for one of the most famous cases in history. He seemed to kill for reasons no better then just lust and gratification. The serial killer knocked off 17 people over 13 years, all starting when he was just 18! He would lure his victims, usually young men, to his apartment with drugs, alcohol, and money. Dahmer went as far as to dismember and store body parts throughout his apartment after killing them. He would sometimes even eat these dismembered body parts. Some say he went so long without being caught because he chose the ever shifting population such as drifters and prostitutes who had no real identity. He did not kill acquaintances or lovers as many murderers did. When arrested in Milwaukee in 1991 Dahmer confessed to all 17 murders, and was sentenced to about 900 years in prison. Dahmer was eventually bludgeoned to death himself in prison. Obviously, as the media fed off these sick murders, so many asked how could anyone possibly ever think of doing this? Where did this super evil side in Dahmer come from? Why did he get away with it for so long,? and Can we foresee something like this and prevent it? This is a guy who's neighbor thought would be a good guy to have some beer and chips with over a football game. Jeffrey was not abused as a child, nor did he have a horrible background. He was born to a rather quiet graduate student at Marquette University, and his mother worked for a telephone company. He was a shy boy who, like other young boys, liked sweets and loved his dog. It seemed to be a rather ordinary, normal family, but things must have been taking there toll somewhere along the line. There were a few things that were a little strange that may have molded Jeffrey's mind. The marriage was rough, the father was fairly distant and, Jeffrey and his brother were seen together but, it was stated in one article that they were never really close. Jeff did also show some scattered flashes of uncontrollable rage, but it was put off as a normal temper. There, however, no real red flag or tell tale signs he would turn out like this. To try to explain this person and his actions we will examine a number of theories out of John Curra's Understanding Social Deviance. The first theory we will look at is the Control Theory or Bond Theory. This theory was developed by Hirschi and is probably the most significant control theory. This particular thoery claims that a person is much less likely to be delinquent if they had ties to the conventional world(Curra 50-51). This theory absolutely corresponds with the actions of Jeffrey Dahmer. Hirschi pointed out four dimensions of the bond to society. These were : attachment, commitment, involvement, and beliefs(Curra 50). Attachment is when someone really cares for someone, like family, friends, or teachers and this person is far less likely to commit deviant acts. An example of this would be boys who were attached to a teacher or coach did not want to disappoint them by committing a deviant act. This is also true with boys attached or very close with their parents. Commitment is the level of investment one has in conformity. Someone who has a very high level is probably going to conform, while on the other hand those with a low level will not. Involvement has to do with being involved in conventinal behavior which, in turn, limits the persons shots of committing deviant acts. Being involved in school is an example here. This one reason dropouts have a higher delinquency rate. This is also where I think they get the idea that PAL (Police Athletic League) would be helpful to youths. Lastly, Hirschi described beliefs. Here, it is believed that some people have a stronger belief then others that they should obey to society's rules. In Jeffrey Dahmer's case the attachment dimension of the Bond Theory definately was not present. As I stated before; his father was distant, and he was not even that close with his brother. The problems with these ties were likely linked with his crimes. Also under the attachment part

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Law of trusts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law of trusts - Case Study Example The children being the minors are not entitled to be solidly or liquidly be given any cash it should only be kept for them or invested for their behalf. Therefore Teresa is not entitled to pay them any income except invest or save it for their benefit after meeting their necessary requirements. Teresa is entitled to invest the money for the beneficiaries for as much as she can but not give them hard cash because of their age. In the law of Equity and Trust, any trustee is entitled to make decision on investment of the beneficiaries. Therefore Teresa should not give them cash as it will spoil them. Further dislike of the children by Teresa does not entitle her not to give or provide for them what should be provided. Her personal hatred towards the children should not be driven towards the fund. However if Teresa finds that her dislike to the children is affecting the trust, then she can apply to the court for requiting her post as a trustee and the court shall appoint a trustee to run the fund. Therefore, the two boys claim is justified as long as they do not solicit for the income realized from these investments to be paid to them directly. Teresa as a trustee should not also invest the money for the boys where she has interest. b) Austin's dropping out of school where he was studying Tourism studies at the University of Scunthorpe does not entitle him to be given the money to start his own business by being 200,000 as down payment of 10% on the purchase of the hotel. This is against the law of equity since all the investments done must be for the benefit of the two children. Therefore, Teresa should not give out the money to Austin simply because, he (Austin) is a minor and in any case the money is held in trust for their benefits and not his own benefit. Any investment done or any purchase of the two children him (Austin) and Morris. In reality the age of maturity i.e. 25 years. Then he can be given the said money to start his business as he requires but before that, Teresa should not be swayed or pressed to give any money to Austin as this is against the rule of equality, where all the investment on property or otherwise must be for the benefit of both children and not Austin himself. Therefore Austin mu st not be given the said money as he is a minor and the Trust is not for his own benefit, it is held on the behalf of the two children and strictly for the provision of necessaries like food, accommodation, education and thereafter any amount extra can be invested in other investments for the benefit of them (Austin and mum's). Austin mighty argues that since he has dropped out of University, his part of fees can form part of 200,000 for the purchase of the Hotel, this should not be entertained since no one had forced him out of school. He dropped out of University in his own will. He is free to go back and continue with his studies and his fees will be paid. However, if Austin has entered into agreement with the management of the Hotel to purchase the hotel, Teresa as a trustee can write a letter to the hotel and explain to them why she cannot give Austin the money to pay as part of payment in the purchase of the Hotel. This is because all the money is held

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Reserch paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reserch - Research Paper Example The coastal periphery was habitat to some of the world's first known civilizations, every one of them rising around productive river valleys. The central plain area had for a long time been occupied by horse-mounted travelers who could reach every areas of Asia from the plains. The earliest assumed growth out of the steppe is that of the Indo-Europeans, who increased their languages to South Asia, the Middle East, and the borders of China. The northernmost division of Asia, which includes much of Siberia, was chiefly unreachable to the steppe nomads, due to the thick forests, climate as well as tundra. These regions remained very thinly populated (Randall, 2004). The middle and the borders were typically kept divided by deserts and mountains. The Himalaya Mountains and Caucasus and the Gobi and Karakum deserts formed obstacles that the steppe horsemen could only cross with trouble. As the urban city inhabitants were more superior socially and technologically, in numerous cases they c ould do little in an armed aspect to shield against the mounted gangs of the steppe. On the other hand, the lowlands did not have adequate open grasslands to sustain large horse bound strength. This made the nomads who conquered states in India, China and the Middle East to often adapt to the local, wealthier societies (Randall, 2004). The Islamic Caliphate took over Central Asia and the Middle East in the Muslim invasions of the 7th century. The Mongol Empire occupied a large fraction of Asia in the 13th century. These areas extend from China to Europe. The rule of law has been peddled repeatedly by scholars in the West as an essential modernity aspect. According to that quantification of period, the rule of law being the basis of the first merger of China in the 2nd century BC, civilization occurred in china 23 centuries ago. Researchers tip that by the conclusion of the 17th century, while the Chinese empire often emerged in English literature as a symbol for tyranny, it was also at times congratulated for its lawful code long recognized on ideals of morality, order and good government (Irina, 2005). By the close of the 19th century and during to the start of the 20th, every Asian country has had Western systems of government and law. some got this by colonial obligation, an example being India and the former East Indies, presently known as Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, present-day Malaysia Hong Kong, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. Some countries had voluntary adoption - Japan and by it Korea, Nationalist China and Formosa/Taiwan (Mark, 2002). The political and legal structures introduced various directions. The Britons brought the common Law as well as the Westminster parliamentary system; the French, dutch, Spanish and Portuguese had the Civil and Roman-Dutch Law combined with administration. Late into the second half of the 20th century, Asia witnesses the Soviet-socialist systems amid Marxism-communism. With political administration and law on one hand and culture, arts and educational progressions on the other, Asia saw an assortment of cultural situations. The past British colonies can be characterized as pragmatist, the Spanish as social hierarchical, the French as cultural selective and the Dutch as authoritarian administrative. These features delicately but significantly color the personality of each one society. This is to say that the British district officer principles and advance of Mr Lee Kuan Yew,

Monday, November 18, 2019

Teaching Process Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Teaching Process - Research Paper Example The researchers chose this problem because they have observed that the constant reminding and disruptions caused by talking out of turn interrupt and often deviates the flow of the lesson. It is time-consuming on the part of the teacher as s/he must focus on discipline rather than teaching the class. This constant reminding also depletes the energy levels of the teacher, which could be used for teaching instead. The researchers’ observations are reinforced by research from Fred Jones who found that 80% of the misbehavior in the classroom is comprised of talking out of turn. This proves that this particular behavior is a problem in the classroom and that there is a need to address it. Using the clip system created by the researchers will enable the teacher to remind and praise the student for raising his or her hand without disrupting the class or deviating from the lesson, thus encouraging decorous behavior and reducing out of turn talking.The study is significant because it p rovides teachers with a tool to teach students better classroom behavior through self-regulation without the need for constant reminders from The respondents of the study are the morning students of the preparatory class of the Raya School. For the scope of the study, the students will only be given clips during storytelling time. Storytelling time includes Genuine Love for Reading (GLR) and Critical Thinking (CT) time. GLR is the introduction of the book, the storytelling proper, and questions asked by the students before, during and after storytelling.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Project Development in XILINX ISE 10.1

Project Development in XILINX ISE 10.1 Chapter 4 VHDL INTRODUCTION A design engineer in electronic industry uses hardware description language to keep pace with the productivity of the competitors. With VHSIC (Very High Speed Integrated Circuits) Hardware Description Language (VHDL) we can quickly describe and synthesize circuits of several thousand gates. In addition VHDL provides the capabilities described as follows: Power and flexibility: VHDL has powerful language constructs with which to write succinct code description of complex control logic. It also has multiple levels of design description for controlling design implementation. It supports design libraries and creation of reusable components. It provides Design hierarchies to create modular designs. It is one language fort design and simulation. Device –Independent design: VHDL permits to create a design without having to first choose a device foe implementation. With one design description, we can target many device architectures. Without being familiar with it, we can optimize our design for resource or performance. It permits multiple style of design description. Portability: VHDL portability permits to simulate the same design description that we have synthesized. Simulating a large design description before synthesizing can save considerable time. As VHDL is a standard, design description can be taken from one simulator to another, one synthesis tool to another; one platform to another-means description can be used in multiple projects. Benchmarking capabilities: Device–independent design and portability allows benchmarking a design using different device architectures and different synthesis tool. We can take a complete design description and synthesize it, create logic for it, evaluate the results and finally choose the device-a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) or a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that fits our requirements. ASIC Migration: The efficiency that VHDL generates, allows our product to hit the market quickly if it has been synthesized on a CPLD or FPGA. When production value reaches appropriate levels, VHDL facilitates the development of Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Sometimes, the exact code used with the Programmable Logic Device (PLD) can be used with the ASIC and because VHDL is a well-defined language, we can be assured that out ASIC vendor will deliver a device with expected functionality. 4.1 VHDL DESCRIPTION In the search of a standard design and documentation for the Very High Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program, the United States Department of Defense (DOD) in 1981sponsored a workshop on Hardware Description Languages (HDL) at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. In 1983, the DOD established requirements for a standard VHSIC Hardware Description Language VHDL, its environment and its software was awarded to IBM, Texas Instruments and Intermetrics corporations. VHDL 2.0 was released only after the project was begun. The language was significantly improved correcting the shortcoming of the earlier versions; VHDL 6.0 was released in 1984. VHDL 1078/1164 formally became the IEEE standard Hardware Description Language in 1987. A VHDL design is defined as an ‘entity declaration’ and as an associated ‘architecture body’. The declaration specifies its interface and is used by architecture bodies of design entities at upper levels of hierarchy. The architecture body describes the operation of a design entity by specifying its interconnection with other design entities –‘structural description,’ by its behaviour –‘behavioural description’, or by a mixture of both. The VHDL language groups, sub programs or design entities by use of packages. For customizing generic descriptions of design entities, configurations are used. VHDL also supports libraries and contains constructs for accessing packages, design entities or configurations from various libraries. 4.2 INTRODUCTION TO XILINX ISE 10.1: Create a New Project Create a new ISE project which will target the FPGA device on the Spartan-3 Startup Kit demo board. To create a new project: Select File > New Project The New Project Wizard appears. Type tutorial in the Project Name field. Enter or browse to a location (directory path) for the new project. A tutorial subdirectory is  created automatically. Verify that HDL is selected from the Top-Level Source Type list. Click Next to move to the device properties page. Fill in the properties in the table as shown below: Product Category: All Family: Spartan3 Device: XC3S200 Package: FT256 Speed Grade: -4 Top-Level Source Type: HDL Synthesis Tool: XST (VHDL/Verilog) Simulator: ISE Simulator (VHDL/Verilog) Preferred Language: Verilog (or VHDL) Verify that Enable Enhanced Design Summary is selected. Leave the default values in the remaining fields. When the table is complete, your project properties will look like the following: 7. Click Next to proceed to the Create New Source window in the New Project Wizard. At the end of the next section, your new project will be complete. Create an HDL Source In this section, you will create the top-level HDL file for your design. Determine the language that you wish to use for the tutorial. Then, continue either to the â€Å"Creating a VHDL Source† section below, or skip to the â€Å"Creating a Verilog Source† section. Creating a VHDL Source Create a VHDL source file for the project as follows: Click the New Source button in the New Project Wizard. Select VHDL Module as the source type. Type in the file name counter. Verify that the Add to project checkbox is selected. Click Next. Declare the ports for the counter design by filling in the port information as shown below: 7. Click Next, then Finish in the New Source Wizard Summary dialog box to complete the  new source file template. 8. Click Next, then Next, then Finish. The source file containing the entity/architecture pair displays in the Workspace, and the counter displays in the Source tab, as shown below: Checking the Syntax of the New Counter Module When the source files are complete, check the syntax of the design to find errors and typos. Verify that Implementation is selected from the drop-down list in the Sources window. Select the counter design source in the Sources window to display the related processes in  the Processes window. Click the â€Å"+† next to the Synthesize-XST process to expand the process group. Double-click the Check Syntax process. Note: You must correct any errors found in your source files. You can check for errors in the Console tab of the Transcript window. If you continue without valid syntax, you will not be able to simulate or synthesize your design. 5. Close the HDL file. Design Simulation Verifying Functionality using Behavioral Simulation Create a test bench waveform containing input stimulus you can use to verify the functionality of the counter module. The test bench waveform is a graphical view of a test bench. Create the test bench waveform as follows: 1. Select the counter HDL file in the Sources window. 2. Create a new test bench source by selecting Project → New Source. 3. In the New Source Wizard, select Test Bench Wave Form as the source type, and type Counter_tbw in the File Name field. 4. Click Next. 5. The Associated Source page shows that you are associating the test bench waveform with the source file counter. Click Next. 6. The Summary page shows that the source will be added to the project, and it displays the source directory, type, and name. Click Finish. 7. You need to set the clock frequency, setup time and output delay times in the Initialize. Timing dialog box before the test bench waveform editing window opens. The requirements for this design are the following: The counter must operate correctly with an input clock frequency = 25 MHz. The DIRECTION input will be valid 10 ns before the rising edge of CLOCK. The output (COUNT_OUT) must be valid 10 ns after the rising edge of CLOCK. The design requirements correspond with the values below. Fill in the fields in the Initialize Timing dialog box with the following information: Clock High Time: 20 ns. Clock Low Time: 20 ns. Input Setup Time: 10 ns. Output Valid Delay: 10 ns. Offset: 0 ns. Global signal: GSR(FPGA). Note: When GSR(FPGA) is enabled, 100 ns. is added to the Offset value automatically. 8. Click Finish to complete the timing initialization. 9. The blue shaded areas that precede the rising edge of the CLOCK correspond to the Input Setup Time in the Initialize Timing dialog box. Toggle the DIRECTION port to define the input stimulus. Note: For more accurate alignment, you can use the Zoom In and Zoom Out toolbar  buttons. 10. Save the waveform. 11. In the Sources window, select the Behavioral Simulation view to see that the test bench waveform file is automatically added to your project. 12. Close the test bench waveform. Simulating Design Functionality Verify that the counter design functions as you expect by performing behavior simulation  as follows: 1. Verify that Behavioral Simulation and counter_tbw are selected in the Sources  window. 2. In the Processes tab, click the â€Å"+† to expand the Xilinx ISE Simulator process and  double-click the Simulate Behavioral Model process. The ISE Simulator opens and runs the simulation to the end of the test bench. 3. To view your simulation results, select the Simulation tab and zoom in on the transitions. Note: You can ignore any rows that start with TX. 4. Verify that the counter is counting up and down as expected. 5. Close the simulation view. If you are prompted with the following message, â€Å"You have an  active simulation open. Are you sure you want to close it?† click Yes to continue. You have now completed simulation of your design using the ISE Simulator.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Separate Peace Essay: Analysis of Marxism -- free essay writer

A Separate Peace:   Analysis of Marxism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Separate Peace is an impeccable paradigm of critical mythology interpreted by philosophers such as Marx, Engels and Hegel.   The philosophy of Marxism serves as a basis for socialism and communism and is explicitly demonstrated by means of power, the understanding of human nature, and alienation.   Finny demonstrates authority and control over a lonely, alienated friend Gene, however, unitedly they discover friendship through the individuality possessed by one another.   Finny and Gene agonize with these eminent responsibilities and endeavor to uncover an inner peace within themselves as they evolve into young adults waking to the realities of life.   Their entity follows the social formation of their lives,   â€Å"men enter into definite relations that are indispensable and dependant of their will, relations of production ...development of their material productive forces.† (Tucker, 1978, pg.4) Therefore, by means of growth to maturity the two young men exemplify the challenges of manhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Power is an extremely dominant element that illustrates authority and control between the two young men Finny and Gene.   Throughout society, â€Å"the social power, i.e., the multiplied productive force, which arises through the co-operation of different individuals, since their co-operation is not voluntary but has come about naturally, not as their own united power.†(Tucker,   pg.161) Finny conducts himself as an authority figure, and an individualist with distinct and domineering characteristics.   He emphasizes his power as a perfect individual that is not concerned what other people conceive of ... ...monstrates his advantage to take control over every individual without any sincere emotions of any kind.   However, the companionship developed through the nature of man, although agonizing, has formed a special bond between the two boys.   Gene, nonetheless contends with feelings of alienation and self-estrangement indirectly generated by Finny.  Ã‚   The two young men persevere these responsibilities to initiate a sense of inner peace that transpires from adolescence to adulthood.   Their experience’s prove to be a symmetric accomplishment of manhood.      Works Cited Knowles, John. (1959) A Separate Peace London: Secker & Warburg Limited    Tucker, Robert. (1978) The Marx-Engles Reader (2nd ed.) New York: W.W. Norton & Company    Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. 1998 Microsoft Corporation      

Monday, November 11, 2019

The program Leadership Innovation and Growth

The program Leadership, Innovation and Growth has been designed by the management at General Electric in order to facilitate team training in leading change. The strategic focus under the leadership of CEO Immelt has been the growth strategy through expanding businesses and creating new ones rather than through acquisitions.The business of GE that participated in the program was Power Generation, one of the company’s oldest businesses. So far GE’s successes had been spurred by the headquarters.But now Immelt wanted to pass on the responsibility to the teams in the individual businesses. In order to facilitate this delegation of responsibility, the LIG program had been designed. The program facilitated team training to lead change and therefore to embed growth into the DNA of the company. The purpose of the program was to make innovation and growth a religion at GE.The program underscores the value of team training. Under the previous CEO Jack Welch, the strategic focus had been to maximize operational excellence. Now the new CEO Immelt wanted to combine innovation and organic growth with operational excellence to synergistic effects.This meant redesigning the organizational structure. Thus the business issue was the process of managing change. However the focus of traditional training programs had been individual training.Therefore when the employee returned to work on the new initiatives, he faced resistance from the rest of the team who had not been trained. The LIG program addressed this problem by focusing on team training so that the participating managers can reach consensus on the growth opportunities and the strategies to be implemented in capitalizing upon them.The industry in which GE Power Generation operates is characterized by a fast pace of change. As a result, the business must be able to manage change continuously. The business has been growing at a fast rate throughout the world. However it emerged from the program that the busine ss did not possess enough management capital to bring about the regulatory changes. This meant that the managers would have to rethink the strategies of developing human capital.The business was growing at a fast rate in emerging markets such as India, China and the Middle East and therefore the critical success factor was to expand the regulatory expertise accordingly. In addition, maintaining the momentum of the company’s growth meant speeding up the product development process. The management needed to reach a consensus in how to implement these strategies in these areas.The management needed to figure out how to delegate authority to the different regions. For example, the natural response to new product development has been to maximize the extent of standardization. Variety and customization have always been disliked. However the challenge in front of the management was to develop products in country for country. Thus the product development process had to be redesigned in terms of delegating more authority to the regional managers.This involved cultural reorientation so that when the regional delegation did not go right, the blame did not fall on headquarters. The management also had to make sure that the process for global customers remained uniform across the regions and that there was a consensus on which contract terms should remain the same and which should be varied. These issues caused the need for the LIG program to be launched.The recommendations that have emerged from the program have been categorized into five areas. The first is the area of team training. This form of training enabled the managers to reach a consensus on what were potentially the barriers to change and how best to attack them. The second area was to consider both the hard barriers and the soft barriers to change. The hard barriers were defined as the existing organizational structure, capabilities and resources.The soft barriers were defined as the interactions between the members of the leadership teams individually and collectively. The management needed to address both barriers in order to manage change effectively. For example, GE Power Generation pursued the growth strategy of developing products in country for country. The barrier to implementing the strategy was the lacking in regulatory strength.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Words and Phrases of Love in French

Words and Phrases of Love in French If French is the language of love, what better language is there with which to express your love? Here are some key French words and phrases related to love, friendship, and special occasions. Click on the link to hear the word or phrase pronounced. Love amour Love at first sight le coup de foudre friendship amiti I love you Je taime I love you too Moi aussi, je taime I adore you Je tadore Will you marry me? Veux-tu mpouser? to kiss embrasser to french kiss galocher (learn more) to date sortir avec to fall in love (with) tomber amoureux (de) (not tomber en amour) to get engaged se fiancer (or avec) to get married se marier avec engagement les fianailles marriage le mariage wedding les noces, le mariage wedding anniversary lanniversaire de mariage honeymoon la lune de miel St. Valentines Day (card) (une carte de) la Saint-Valentin present un cadeau flowers des fleurs candy des bonbons clothes des vtements perfume du parfum jewelry des bijoux engagement ring une bague de fianailles wedding ring une alliance husband un mari, un poux wife une femme, une pouse fiance un fianc, une fiance* lover un amant, une amante boyfriend un copain girlfriend une copine friend un ami, une amie* dear, sweetheart chri, chrie* * Same pronunciation for masculine and feminine version. French Terms of Endearment (Termes dAffection) French has all kinds of interesting terms of endearment, including a rather odd assortment of barnyard animals. Check out this list of French terms of endearment to use with your loved ones (both romantic and familial). For the most part, these all mean something along the lines of sweetie, darling, or poppet, so weve provided the literal translations as well as a few notes (in parentheses). My love mon amour My angel mon ange My baby mon bb My beautiful (informal) ma belle My dear mon cher, ma chre My dearie mon chri, ma chrie My cutie mon mignon My Half ma moiti My little guy / girl mon petit / ma petite My doll ma poupe My heart mon cur My little girl (informal, old-fashioned) ma fifille My big guy / girl mon grand / ma grande My Jesus (when talking to a child) mon jsus My treasure mon trsor My (fruit) core (when talking to a child) mon trognon Ma  mie  literally my female friend, but used to mean my dear/love. This is a somewhat old-fashioned term contracted from  mon amie mamie ma mie. Note that  mie  also refers to the soft part of bread - the opposite of the crust. Affectionate French Terms Related to Animals Learn some playful French word for your loved ones. My doe ma biche My little doe ma bichette My quail (informal) ma caille My duck mon canard My kitten mon chaton My cat (familiar) ma chatte My pig mon cochon My egg mon coco My hen (informal) ma cocotte My rabbit mon lapin My otter ma loutre My wolf mon loup My pussycat (informal) mon mimi My pussycat mon minet / ma minette My kitty mon minou My hen ma poule My chicken mon poulet My pullet (informal) ma poulette My chick (informal) mon poussin My flea (informal) ma puce Love Words Related to Food My cabbage, my pastry (informal) mon chou My favorite, blue-eyed boy/girl, pet* (informal) mon chouchou My dropping (also refers to a small, round goat cheese) ma crotte My barley sugar mon sucre dorge *as in teachers pet    Notes About Modifiers The word  petit  (little) can be added in front of most of these:  mon petit chou,  ma petite chatte, etc.The phrase  en sucre  (made of sugar) can be added to the end of some:  mon trà ©sor en sucre,  mon cÅ“ur en sucre, etc. Note that the  possessive adjectives  mon  and  ma  (my) have to agree with the gender of the term of endearment- not your own gender nor necessarily that of the person youre talking to/about. Generally speaking, masculine terms of endearment can be used for men and women, while feminine terms of endearment can only be used for women. Perfect Your Pronunciation: How to Say I Love You in French They say that French is the language of love, so youd better know how to say I love you! These step-by-step instructions will teach you how to say I love you in French. Heres How Find the person you love.Say his or her name.Say  je taime:j  in  je  is pronounced [zh] like the g in miragee  is pronounced like the oo in goodtaime  is pronounced [tem] to rhyme with them.Optional: Follow with my darling:To a woman   ma chà ©rie, pronounced [ma shay ree].To a man   mon chà ©ri, pronounced [mo(n) shay ree]. The (n) is  nasal.You can also choose a different  French term of endearmentOptional: To respond to someone who says I love you, say  Moi aussi, je taime  (I love you too).moi  is pronounced mwa.aussi  is pronounced oh see.You can listen to sound files of these terms on my page of  French love language What You Need A few minutes of practiceA romantic locationYour beloved(optional) candles, flowers, bonbons, soft music, an engagement ring... English Expressions Using Love The English word love is found in many different expressions. Heres how to translate these phrases into French. love affair (literal) une liaison love affair (figurative) une passion love at first sight le coup de foudre love child un enfant damourun enfant illgitimeun enfant naturel love feast une agapeun banquet love game (tennis) un jeu blanc love handles poignes damour love-hate relationship un rapport amour-haine love-in-a-mist (plant) la nigelle de Damas love-knot les lacs damour love letter une lettre damourun billet-doux love-lies-bleeding (plant) amarante queue-de-renard love life la vie amoureuseses amours love match un mariage damour love nest un nid damourun nid damoureux love of ones life le grand amour love potion un philtre damour love scene une scne damour love seat une causeuse love story une histoire damour love (in tennis) zro, rien love token un gage damour love triangle un triangle amoureux loved ones tres chers lovestruck perdument amoureux brotherly love amour fraternel casual love affair un amour de rencontre courtly love amour courtois declaration of love une dclaration damour first love son premier amour free love amour libre in love (with) amoureux (de) labor of love une tche accomplie pour le plaisir madly in love fou damour my love (term of endearment) mon amour physical love amour physique platonic love amour platonique puppy love amour juvnile true love le grand amour for the love of God pour lamour de Dieu He loves me, he loves me not Il maime un peu, beaucoup, passionnment, la folie, pas du tout Hows your love life? Comment vont tes amours ? Id love to! Avec plaisir !Volontiers ! It cant be had for love nor money. Cest introuvable.On ne peut se le procurer aucun prix. Lucky at cards, unlucky in love Heureux au jeu, malheureux en amour not for love nor moneyI wouldnt do it for love nor money. pour rien au mondeJe ne le ferais pour rien au monde. Someone up there loves me. Cest mon jour de veine. Theres no love lost between them. Entre eux, ce nest pas le grand amour.Ils ne peuvent pas se sentir. to do something for the love of it faire qqchose pour lamour de lart to do something out of love for faire qqchose par lamour pour to do something with loving care faire qqchose avec amour to fall in love (with) tomber amoureux (de) to live on love alone vivre / se nourrir damour et deau frache to love aimer to make love faire lamour

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Essay and Study Ideas

'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow' Essay and Study Ideas The Legend of Sleepy Hollow tells the fictional story of Ichabod Crane, a schoolteacher who competes with another suitor for the hand of Katrina Van Tassel. However, instead of getting the girl, Crane ends up experiencing a very strange and spooky event. Written by Washington Irving, the short story was first published in 1820 and continues to be a popular Halloween tale today, especially because it includes a ghost story about a mysterious headless horseman.   A short piece of gothic literature filled with pranks and humor, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is one of Irvings most enduring works. While the story prompts scares and laughs, it also warrants discussion and literary analysis. Here are a few questions about The Legend of Sleepy Hollow that you can use for study or conversation.   Essay and Discussion Ideas What is important about the title?What are the conflicts found throughout the story?  How does Irving reveal character?What are some of the themes? How do they relate to the plot and characters?Is Ichabod Crane consistent in his actions? Is he a fully developed character? Why?Do you find the characters likable? Are the characters persons you would want to meet?Discuss some of the symbols in the story.Compare The Devil and Tom Walker with The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. What is similar and what is different in terms of plot, storytelling, and themes?What is the primary purpose of the story? Do you find the purpose important or meaningful?How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else? Does the setting represent or allude something?What supernatural or surprising events are employed by Washington Irving? Do you find these happenings believable?What is the role of women?  Does the story end the way you expected? Why?Would you recommend the sto ry to a friend? Would you read other works by Washington Irving based on your reading of this story?

Monday, November 4, 2019

Become the main attraction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Become the main attraction - Assignment Example This is beneficial given that an event constitutes of many types of people. The establishment of a conversation with the customers is vita given that it enhances customized learning (Levy, 2010). This in turn leads to development of purchasing behavior. This enhances reliable feedback from the potential customers.an event is a primary source hence a marketer is likely to obtain first-hand information regarding the general view of a particular product. According to Levy (2010), marketing requires that the marketer be focused in the particular product. Additionally, display of the products is important because it contributes in the decision making of the buyers (Levy, 2010). This ensures that customers spend much time with the market. This gives the marketer sufficient time to engage the potential buyers on the benefits of the products. Offering of incentives to customers is a vital factor in attraction of the customers. It is also prudent for marketer to organize the venue of his market in a manner that the traffic of people flows to his point of sale. This enhances many sales because many people are able to see and get firsthand information on the products. This article highlights the essentials of marketing in an event setting. In this regard the market ought to be skillful in marketing his products. The wow marketing factor is essential in event marketing because the addling of the customers is important compared t the product information disseminated to the public. The article also highlights the significance of branding in attracting customers. Branding creates a positive perception among the potential customers. It helps in the making of buying decision making. American Marketing association (2010) asserts that the sales person should give special treatment to the potential customers because the impression created in this process is significant in a buying decision making. A marketer will achieve his

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Performance Analysis in Sport (Physiological profiling) Essay

Performance Analysis in Sport (Physiological profiling) - Essay Example This helps in creating training programs that are efficient and reliable in improving the performance of soccer players (Subic, Ujihashi and Fuss, 2008). The various tests done on soccer players must reflect the fitness requirements for these players, which includes speed, flexibility, aerobic endurance and speed endurance. This paper provides the physiological profile of a soccer player, and it focuses on the profile of a striker. A good body shape, weight, body composition and height is a physiological needs that professional football players usually need. Football players usually vary in height and weight, more so when ethnic backgrounds are considered. For example, research proves that Asian players are always small in size, when they are compared to European or African players. In soccer, mid-fielders are always smaller in size, while central defenders are always taller in size. In terms of weight, research denotes that professional football players normally have an average weight of 77.7kg, while their body shape is always muscular (Burke and Deakin, 2010). The body composition of these players is very important, because too much fat will affect their ability to move fast, and jump around. This is due to too much weight in their body. On this basis, footballers must always take care on what they eat, and the nutritional composition of their diets. Football players always need to have strong muscle strength (Gamble, 2012). Due to the muscular body shape of soccer players, they need to have strength on the upper parts of their bodies. In as much as this should be the case, research denotes that most of these players lack this type of strength. This is partly because most of their training programs do not have provisions on working on their upper parts of the body. Most of these programs concentrate on the lower parts of the footballers body (Madden, 2010). Need for an anaerobic power is an important need for

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Revelation and the Apocalyptic Tradition, Jesus' Letters to the seven Essay

Revelation and the Apocalyptic Tradition, Jesus' Letters to the seven Churches, visions and signs from heaven - Essay Example Bible says the ‘Jesus sent seven letters from heaven’ through John to seven churches on earth. John wrote the letters as said by Jesus to us (Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia, Revelation 2 & 3). All seven letters follow the same pattern and refer to actual historical circumstances in those churches in the first century that first praises the church, then criticizes for their work, giving them warning and finally encouraging to continue their good work (Harris, Ch.20).The Revelation was a special vision given by Jesus to John which interprets the history which had happen and reveals the prophecy that will happen (Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia, Revelation 2 & 3). Jesus, while instructing John to write the letters, appeared to John showing signs like double edged sword, seven stars, keys, seven lamps. Harris (20) interprets the symbols as referring to the events in first century; future predictions which will take place or occur at a particular place and time. The seven lamps symbolize seven churches, where the letters were to be sent. The seven churches were Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia and Laodicea. The seven letters explain the significance to doing good and benefits of overcoming the bad. Referring to the first letter written to Ephesus, Jesus writes to the angel ‘announcer’ of the church ‘people’ of Ephesus expressing his happiness over their hard work and patience for not giving up their faith but criticizes the same church for not showing eager love as in the past. But the same does not prevail now and threatens to steal the lamp from the church if eager love does not exist and promises fruit from tree of life for overcoming the obstacle (The Letter to the Church at Ephesus). Second letter written to Smyrna reveals true love of God to the church. Jesus writes that ‘He is the first and He is the last’ and praises the church of Smyrna for their faith in Christ despit e horrible torture carried out by the Roman and Israelis for not following their God. Jesus criticizes those persecuting the people of church and assures that the people who will face the atrocities and win, will be crown of life. This refers to a place in heaven with real riches. The letter also refers to the second death which will not die which means ‘the lake of fire’ i.e. our soul which will never die (Revelation 2: Jesus’ Letters to Seven Churches). The letter to Pergamum explains the true faith of Christianity. As usual letter starts praising the people for their faith in God but criticizes them for following two religions, eat food sacrificed to idols, comprise with religious duties. Jesus warns them to accurate the doctrine of Christianity and threatens to come to church with double edged swords which are His ‘words’. While encouraging, Jesus ensures to give them MANNA, special bread from heaven and a name of white stone (Letters to the Seve n Churches of Asia, Revelation 2 & 3). In its letter to Thyatira, Jesus appears in eyes with fire and shining bronze feet praising the church for its increasing greatness of deeds, faith, service to people, love while warning them not to follow Jezebel, the lady who is spreading sex sins and destroying churches. The letter reveals that Jesus has patience and power look through the hearts of people to inspect their soul and encourages the church to follow true religion and the one who overcome will receive God (Letters to the S